different between rough vs vulgar
rough
English
Alternative forms
- ruff (colloquial)
Etymology
From Middle English rough, rogh, ro?e, row, rou, ru, ru?, ruh, from Old English r?g, r?h, from Proto-Germanic *r?haz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”).
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /??f/
- Rhymes: -?f
- Homophone: ruff
Adjective
rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)
- Not smooth; uneven.
- 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
- The rock was one of those tremendously solid brown, or rather black, rocks which emerge from the sand like something primitive. Rough with crinkled limpet shells and sparsely strewn with locks of dry seaweed, a small boy has to stretch his legs far apart, and indeed to feel rather heroic, before he gets to the top.
- 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1
- Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
- Turbulent.
- 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
- With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November.
- 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:
- Difficult; trying.
- Crude; unrefined
- Violent; not careful or subtle
- Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
- But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
And smooth or rough, with them
- But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
- Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.
- Harsh-tasting.
- (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
- (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover
Antonyms
- smooth
Derived terms
Translations
Noun
rough (plural roughs)
- The unmowed part of a golf course.
- A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
- (cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
- The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
- A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
- (obsolete) Boisterous weather.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Fletcher to this entry?)
- A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)
- To create in an approximate form.
- (ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
- To render rough; to roughen.
- To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Crabb to this entry?)
- To endure primitive conditions.
- (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
Derived terms
Translations
Adverb
rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)
- In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.
Derived terms
- sleep rough
rough From the web:
- what rough beast
- what rough breaks is ponyboy referring to
- what rough beast breakside
- what rough beast ipa
- what rough means
- what rough beast slouches toward bethlehem
- what rough beast slouches lightning returns
- what rough endoplasmic reticulum
vulgar
English
Alternative forms
- (early modern English): vulgare
Etymology
Borrowed into Middle English from Latin vulg?ris, from volgus, vulgus (“mob; common folk”), from Proto-Indo-European *wl?k- (compare Welsh gwala (“plenty, sufficiency”), Ancient Greek ???? (halía, “assembly”) ????? (eilé?, “to compress”), Old Church Slavonic ?????? (velik?, “great”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /?v?l.??/
- (US) enPR: v?l?g?r, IPA(key): /?v?l.??/
Adjective
vulgar (comparative more vulgar or vulgarer, superlative most vulgar or vulgarest)
- Debased, uncouth, distasteful, obscene.
- The construction worker made a vulgar suggestion to the girls walking down the street.
- (classical sense) Having to do with ordinary, common people.
- 1834-1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent.
- The mechanical process of multiplying books had brought the New Testament in the vulgar tongue within the reach of every class.
- 1860, G. Syffarth, "A Remarkable Seal in Dr. Abbott's Museum at New York", Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, age 265
- Further, the same sacred name in other monuments precedes the vulgar name of King Takellothis, the sixth of the XXII. Dyn., as we have seen.
- 1834-1874, George Bancroft, History of the United States, from the Discovery of the American Continent.
- (especially taxonomy) Common, usual; of the typical kind.
- the vulgar bush brown, Bicyclus vulgaris
- 1869, Richard Francis Burton, The Highlands of the Brazil, page 85:
- A vulture (V. aura), probably the Acabiry first described by Azara, is here called […] the hunter. It resembles in form the vulgar bird, but it flies high. The head is red, and the wings are black with silver lining, like the noble Bateleur of Africa.
Synonyms
- (obscene): inappropriate, obscene, debased, uncouth, offensive, ignoble, mean, profane
- (ordinary): common, ordinary, popular
Derived terms
- (obscene): vulgarity, vulgarian
- (ordinary): vulgar fraction, vulgate, Vulgate
- vulgar fraction
- Vulgar Latin
- Vulgar Era
Translations
Noun
vulgar (plural vulgars)
- (classicism) A common, ordinary person.
- 2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830
- Popular antiquarian writings […] frequently focused on the regional vulgars' superstitious beliefs regarding the dead and their ongoing presence—such as popular funeral rites or the vulgars' fear of church yards.
- 2016, Evan Gottlieb, Juliet Shields, Representing Place in British Literature and Culture, 1660-1830
- (collective) The common people.
- The vernacular tongue or common language of a country.
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin vulg?ris.
Adjective
vulgar (masculine and feminine plural vulgars)
- vulgar
Derived terms
- vulgarment
Related terms
- vulgaritat
Further reading
- “vulgar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Galician
Etymology
From Latin vulg?ris.
Adjective
vulgar m or f (plural vulgares)
- common to the people, vulgar
- ordinary, undistinguished
- popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical
- simple, unintelligent
Synonyms
- (ordinary): prosaico
- (popular): común, popular
Antonyms
- (popular): científico, técnico
Related terms
- vulgaridade
- vulgarismo
- vulgo
Further reading
- “vulgar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin vulg?ris.
Pronunciation
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /vu?.??a?/
- Hyphenation: vul?gar
Adjective
vulgar (plural vulgares, comparable)
- common to the people, vulgar
- ordinary, undistinguished
- Synonym: prosaico
- popular, commonly understood, as opposed to scientific or technical
- Synonyms: comum, popular
- simple, unintelligent
Antonyms
- (popular): científico, técnico
Related terms
- vulgaridade
- vulgarismo
- vulgo
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French vulgaire, Latin vulgaris.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vul??ar/
Adjective
vulgar m or n (feminine singular vulgar?, masculine plural vulgari, feminine and neuter plural vulgare)
- vulgar
Declension
Synonyms
- grosolan
- ordinar
- comun
Related terms
- vulg
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin vulg?ris.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bul??a?/, [bul???a?]
Adjective
vulgar (plural vulgares)
- vulgar
Derived terms
Related terms
- vulgo
- vulgaridad
Further reading
- “vulgar” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
vulgar From the web:
- what vulgar means
- what vulgar language
- what does vulgar mean
- what do vulgar mean
you may also like
- rough vs vulgar
- licence vs rudeness
- spirited vs stimulating
- random vs aimless
- connected vs complementary
- runaway vs renegade
- imposing vs transcendent
- realisation vs awareness
- indicate vs term
- informal vs vague
- enterprising vs resolute
- compliance vs grant
- impoverished vs struggling
- cut vs fragment
- tease vs distract
- impressive vs onerous
- unintended vs distant
- gloomy vs depressing
- ancestry vs background
- stress vs straits