different between rot vs mold

English

Etymology

From Middle English rotten, roten, from Old English rotian (“to rot, become corrupted, ulcerate, putrefy”), from Proto-Germanic *rut?n? (“to rot”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??t/
• (General American) IPA^(key): [??t]
• (General Australian, General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /??t/
• Rhymes: -?t
• Homophone: wrought (in accents with the cot-caught merger)

Verb

rot (third-person singular simple present rots, present participle rotting, simple past and past participle rotted)

1. (intransitive) To suffer decomposition due to biological action, especially by fungi or bacteria.

2. (intransitive) To decline in function or utility.

3. (transitive, intransitive) To (cause to) deteriorate in any way, as in morals; to corrupt.
4. (transitive) To make putrid; to cause to be wholly or partially decomposed by natural processes.

5. (intransitive, figuratively) To spend a long period of time (in an unpleasant place).

   • Four of the sufferers were left to rot in irons.

   • 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, The Book of Snobs

     Rot, poor bachelor, in your club.

6. (transitive) To expose, as flax, to a process of maceration, etc., for the purpose of separating the fiber; to ret.
7. (dated, slang) To talk nonsense.
   • 1991, Stephen Fry, The Liar, p. 37:

     Adrian thought it worth while to try out his new slang. ‘I say, you fellows, here's a rum go. Old Biffo was jolly odd this morning. He gave me a lot of pi-jaw about slacking and then invited me to tea. No rotting! He did really.’

Synonyms

• putrefy

Derived terms

• brown rot
• potter's rot

Translations

Noun

rot (countable and uncountable, plural rots)

1. The process of becoming rotten; putrefaction.
2. Decaying matter.
3. Any of several diseases in which breakdown of tissue occurs.
4. (uncountable) Verbal nonsense.

Synonyms

• (nonsense): See also Thesaurus:nonsense

Translations

Anagrams

• ORT, OTR, RTO, TOR, TRO, Tor, ort, tor

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch rot, dialectal form of rat.

Noun

rot (plural rotte)

1. rat

See also

• muis

Alemannic German

Alternative forms

• rout, ruat, ròt, röts

Etymology

From Middle High German r?t (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German r?t (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Cognate with German rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.

Adjective

rot

1. (Formazza) red

References

• “rot” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin ructus.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -ot

Noun

rot m (plural rots)

1. belch

Related terms

• rotar

Further reading

• “rot” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/
• Rhymes: -?t

Etymology 1

See rotten

Adjective

rot (comparative rotter, superlative rotst)

1. rotten, spoiled, decayed, putrid
2. rotten, tedious, unkind, mean

Inflection

Noun

rot n (plural rotten, diminutive rotje n)

1. rot, something rotten, something rotting

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch rotte.

Noun

rot f (plural rotten, diminutive rotje n)

1. (dialectal, Northern) Alternative form of rat.

Derived terms

• oude rot
• landrot

Etymology 3

From Middle Dutch rote.

Noun

rot n or f (plural rotten, diminutive rotje n)

1. (military) a file (of men)
2. (obsolete) multitude, band, throng

   Synonyms: drom, massa, menigte, schare

Anagrams

• tor

French

Etymology

From Latin ructus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?o/
• Homophones: rhô, ros, rôt

Noun

rot m (plural rots)

1. (colloquial) belch, burp

Synonyms

• renvoi

Related terms

• roter

Further reading

• “rot” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin ruptus.

Adjective

rot (feminine rote)

1. broken

Derived terms

• rote

Related terms

• rompi
• roture

German

Alternative forms

• roth (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle High German r?t (“red, red-haired”), from Old High German r?t (“red, scarlet, purple-red, brown-red, yellow-red”), from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?rowd?ós, from *h?rewd?-. Compare Low German root, rod, rot, Dutch rood, English red, West Frisian read, Danish rød.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ro?t/, [?o?t(?)], [ro?t]
• Rhymes: -o?t

Adjective

rot (comparative röter or roter, superlative am rötesten or am rotesten)

1. red (colour)
2. (politics) red; pertaining to Marxism in the widest sense; social democratic; socialist; communist
   1. (politics, Germany, in particular) pertaining to the social democratic SPD or the more rigidly socialist Linke
3. (possibly mildly offensive) red-haired
4. (historical, possibly offensive) redskin; Native American; Indian

Declension

Synonyms

• (red-haired): rothaarig
• (redskin): rothäutig

Derived terms

Related terms

• Rot

Further reading

• “rot” in Duden online

German Low German

Adjective

rot

1. Alternative spelling of root

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??t/
• Rhymes: -??t

Etymology 1

Noun

rot n (genitive singular rots, no plural)

1. unconsciousness, insensibility

Declension

Related terms

• rota

Etymology 2

See rotna

Noun

rot n (genitive singular rots, nominative plural rot)

1. rot, decay, putrefaction

Declension

Related terms

• rotna
• rotinn
• rota

Middle English

Etymology 1

Noun

rot

1. Alternative form of rote (“root”)

Etymology 2

Verb

rot

1. Alternative form of roten (“to rot”)

Etymology 3

A back-formation from roten (“to rot”).

Alternative forms

• rote, root, rotte, rott

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/, /r??t/

Noun

rot (uncountable)

1. Rotting or decomposition; the situation where something rots.
2. Any disease which causes decaying and decomposition in humans.
3. A disease that afflicts sheep; footrot, the rot.

Descendants

• English: rot

References

• “r??t, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-02-24.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds.

Noun

rot m or f (definite singular rota or roten, indefinite plural røtter, definite plural røttene)

1. root (part of a plant normally below ground level)
2. root (of a tooth)
3. root (of a hair)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

rot

1. imperative of rote

References

• “rot” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ru?t/ (example of pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds. Akin to English root.

Noun

rot f (definite singular rota, indefinite plural røter, definite plural røtene)

1. root (of a plant)
2. root (of a tooth)
3. root (of a hair)

Inflection

Derived terms

• gulrot
• kvadratrot
• kålrot
• rotfrukt

Etymology 2

From Old Norse rót.

Noun

rot n (definite singular rotet, uncountable)

1. a mess, untidiness, chaos

   Det er for mykje rot på loftet. Me må rydda.

   The attic is a mess. We have to tidy it up.

   Når me prøver å samarbeida med dei, blir det berre rot.

   When we try working with them, it just turns into chaos.

References

• “rot” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

• ort, Tor, tor, tro

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud.

Adjective

r?t

1. red

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: rôot
  • Dutch: rood
    • Afrikaans: rooi
  • Limburgish: roead

Further reading

• “r?t”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?rowd?ós, from *h?rewd?-.

Adjective

r?t

1. red

Descendants

• Middle High German: r?t
  • Alemannic German: rot, rout, ruat, ròt, röts (Italian Walser)
  • German: rot
  • Hunsrik: rod
  • Luxembourgish: rout
  • Mòcheno: roat
  • Pennsylvania German: rot
  • Vilamovian: rut
  • Yiddish: ????? (royt)

Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts.

Noun

r?t f

1. root

Declension

Descendants

• Swedish: rot

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

From Middle High German and Old High German r?t, from Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Compare German rot, Dutch rood, English red.

Adjective

rot

1. red

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/

Noun

rot f

1. genitive plural of rota

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish r?t, from Old Norse rót, from Proto-Germanic *wr?ts, from Proto-Indo-European *wréh?ds.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ru?t/

Noun

rot c

1. root; the part of a plant under the surface.
2. the part of a tooth extending into the bone holding the tooth in place
3. source; an underlying cause

4. (mathematics) of a number n, a positive number which, when raised to a specified power, yields n; the square root is understood if no power is specified

5. (mathematics) a zero (of a function).
6. (mathematics) a designated node in a tree.
7. (mathematics) curl; a measure on how fast a vector field rotates: it can be described as the cross product of del and a given vectorial field
8. (computing) root directory
9. (linguistics) a word from which another word is derived.

Declension

Synonyms

• källa (3)
• nollställe (5)

Related terms

• ört

See also

• rötter
• rota (sig)

Anagrams

• Tor, ort, tro

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English road.

Noun

rot

1. road, street
   • '2003, Mühlhäusler et al., Tok Pisin texts, John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 9:

     Planti liklik rot i stap long ailan hia.

     Many little roads exist on this island.

References

Tok Pisin texts: from the beginning to the present / edited by Peter Mühlhäusler, Thomas E. Dutton, Suzanne Romaine. / John Benjamins Publishing Company / Copyright 2003 / ?ISBN / page 106

Vilamovian

Etymology

From Italian rata (“installment”)

Pronunciation

Noun

r?t f (plural rota)

1. installment (a kind of payment)

English

Alternative forms

• mould (British spelling, Canadian spelling, Australian spelling)

Pronunciation

• enPR: m?ld, m?ld
• (UK) IPA^(key): /m??ld/, /m??ld/
• (US) IPA^(key): /mo?ld/
• Rhymes: -??ld

Etymology 1

Via Middle English and Old French, from Latin modulus, from Latin modus. Doublet of module and model.

Noun

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds) (American spelling)

1. A hollow form or matrix for shaping a fluid or plastic substance.
2. A frame or model around or on which something is formed or shaped.
3. Something that is made in or shaped on a mold.
4. The shape or pattern of a mold.
5. General shape or form.
   • 1711, Alexander Pope, "The Temple of Fame", in The Works of Alexander Pope: New Ed. Including Several Hundred Unpublished Letters, and Other New Materials, Collected in Part by John Wilson Croker. With Introd. and Notes by Whitwell Elwin, Volume 1, J.Murray, p.206

     Crowned with an architrave of antique mould.

   • This new-comer was a man who in any company would have seemed striking. […] Indeed, all his features were in large mold, like the man himself, as though he had come from a day when skin garments made the proper garb of men.

6. Distinctive character or type.

7. A fixed or restrictive pattern or form.

8. (architecture) A group of moldings.

9. (anatomy) A fontanelle.

Derived terms

• break the mold
• (archaeology): post mold
• (paleontology): fossil mold

Translations

Verb

mold (third-person singular simple present molds, present participle molding, simple past and past participle molded) (American spelling)

1. (transitive) To shape in or on a mold; to form into a particular shape; to give shape to.
   • 1978, Job 10:8-9, Old Testament, New International Version:

     Your hands shaped me and made me?… Remember that you molded me like clay.

2. (transitive) To guide or determine the growth or development of; influence
   • 1963. Haile Selassie (translated)

     It is you who must mold the minds of your students that they may be wise, farsighted, intelligent, profound in their thinking, devoted to their country and government and fruitful in their work. It is you who must sense as the example.

3. (transitive) To fit closely by following the contours of.
4. (transitive) To make a mold of or from (molten metal, for example) before casting.
5. (transitive) To ornament with moldings.
6. (intransitive) To be shaped in or as if in a mold.

   These shoes gradually molded to my feet.

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English mowlde, noun use and alteration of mowled, past participle of moulen, mawlen (“to grow moldy”), from Old Norse mygla (compare dialectal Danish mugle), from Proto-Germanic *mugl?n?, diminutive and denominative of *mukiz 'soft substance' (compare Old Norse myki, mykr (“cow dung”)), from Proto-Indo-European *mewk- (“slick, soft”). More at muck and meek.

Noun

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds) (American spelling)

2. A natural substance in the form of a woolly or furry growth of tiny fungi that appears when organic material lies for a long time exposed to (usually warm and moist) air.

Derived terms

• moldy, mouldy
• moulder

Translations

See also

• mildew

Verb

mold (third-person singular simple present molds, present participle molding, simple past and past participle molded) (American spelling)

1. (transitive) To cause to become moldy; to cause mold to grow upon.
2. (intransitive) To become moldy; to be covered or filled, in whole or in part, with a mold.

Etymology 3

From Old English molde, from Proto-Germanic *muld? ‘dirt, soil’ (compare Old Frisian molde, Middle Dutch moude, Dutch moude, obsolete German Molte, Norwegian Bokmål mold), from Proto-Indo-European *ml?-t? (compare Old Irish moll ‘bran’, Lithuanian mìltai ‘flour’), from *mel- (compare English meal). More at meal.

Noun

mold (countable and uncountable, plural molds)

1. Loose friable soil, rich in humus and fit for planting.
2. (Britain, dialectal, chiefly plural) Earth, ground.

Alternative forms

• mool

Derived terms

• leaf mold
• vegetable mold

Translations

Verb

mold (third-person singular simple present molds, present participle molding, simple past and past participle molded) (American spelling)

1. To cover with mold or soil.

Anagrams

• LMDO

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse mold, from Proto-Germanic *muld? ‘dirt, soil’, from Proto-Indo-European *ml?-t?, from *mel-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [m?lt]

Noun

mold f (genitive singular moldar, uncountable)

1. (agriculture) earth, humus soil, humus layer
   • tá myndaði Harrin Guð mannin av mold jarðar

     And the Lord God formed man of the soil of the ground (Genesis 2,7)

Declension

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse mold, from Proto-Germanic *muld? (“dirt, soil”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m?lt/
• Rhymes: -?lt

Noun

mold f (genitive singular moldar, nominative plural moldir)

1. dirt, mould, humus, ground, earth

Declension

Middle English

Noun

mold

1. Alternative form of molle (“mole”)

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse mold (“earth, dirt, soil”), from Proto-Germanic *muld? (“mould, soil, dirt”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh?- (“to grind, crush”), from *mel- (“to rub”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /m?l?/

Noun

mold f or m (definite singular molda or molden, uncountable)

1. humus, earth, soil, topsoil

Alternative forms

• muld

References

• “mold” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “mold” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse mold, from Proto-Germanic *muld?.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /m?l?/

Noun

mold f (definite singular molda, uncountable)

1. humus, earth, soil, topsoil

References

• “mold” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *muld? (“dirt, soil”). Cognate with Old English molde (English mold), Old High German molta, Gothic ???????????????????? (mulda).

Pronunciation

• (12th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /mõld/

Noun

mold f (genitive moldar, plural moldir)

1. earth, dirt, soil
   • V?luspá, verse 2

Declension

Descendants

References

• mold in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press