different between role vs necessitude

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: r?l
• IPA^(key): /???l/
• Rhymes: -??l
• Homophone: roll

Etymology 1

From French rôle, from Middle French rolle, from Old French role, from Medieval Latin rotulus. Doublet of roll.

Alternative forms

• rôle

Noun

role (plural roles)

1. A character or part played by a performer or actor.

2. The expected behaviour of an individual in a society.

3. The function or position of something.
4. Designation that denotes an associated set of responsibilities, knowledge, skills, and attitudes

5. (grammar) The function of a word in a phrase.
   • 1984, David M. Perlmutter, Carol G. Rosen, Studies in relational grammar: Volume 2

     Examining these verbs one by one, what one finds is that Auxiliary Selection does correlate in the expected way with the two kinds of optional transitivity, confirming that with each predicate, one semantic role has a fixed link with initial 1-hood, another with initial 2-hood.

6. (object-oriented programming) In the Raku programming language, a code element akin to an interface, used for composition of classes without adding to their inheritance chain.

Hyponyms

• subrole

Derived terms

• role-based
• roleless
• roleplay

Translations

Etymology 2

Noun

role (plural roles)

1. (historical) An ancient unit of quantity, 72 sheets of parchment.

References

• role on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Orel, Orle, Orël, eorl, lore, orle, relo

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?rol?]
• Rhymes: -ol?
• Hyphenation: ro?le

Etymology 1

From German Rolle, from Old French rolle, role (“parchment scroll, inventory”), from Latin rotula, rotulus (“little wheel”), which is a diminutive of rota (“wheel”).

Noun

role f

1. role, part (of an actor) [19th c.]
2. lines (spoken text of an actor playing a part)
3. role (e. g. of a person in a society)
4. (linguistics) role (function of a constituent in a clause)
5. scroll [19th c.]

Declension

Synonyms

• (of an actor): úloha, part
• (text): part
• (in a society): úloha
• (scroll): svitek

Derived terms

• roli?ka

Related terms

• rolovat
• roláda

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *orl?ja, from*orati.

Noun

role f

1. (obsolete, literary) field (area to grow crops) [14th c.]
2. old unit of field measurement
3. (obsolete, literary) area, domain (of activity)

Declension

Synonyms

• (in agriculture): pole
• (domain): obor, okruh

Derived terms

• roli?ka

Related terms

Anagrams

• orel, orle

Further reading

• role in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• role in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

References

Old French

Noun

role m (oblique plural roles, nominative singular roles, nominative plural role)

1. roll; scroll (rolled up document)

Descendants

• ? English: roll
• French: rôle
  • ? English: role

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (role, supplement)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r?.l?/

Noun

role

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of rola

Further reading

• role in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Verb

role

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of rolar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of rolar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of rolar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of rolar

Spanish

Verb

role

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of rolar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of rolar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of rolar.
4. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of rolar.

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /n??s?s?t(j)u?d/

Noun

necessitude (plural necessitudes)

1. (rare) The state or characteristic of being in need; neediness.
   • 1870, "Lord Kilgobbin," The Cornhill Magazine, vol. 22, p. 521:

     It had been of all things the most harassing and wearying—a life of dreary necessitude—a perpetual struggle with debt.

   • 2001, Cynthia Harrod-Eagles, The Cause, ?ISBN, p. 408:

     Even if she could have faced life without him, she could not go through it all again, the bankruptcy and shame and necessitude.

2. (rare, usually pluralized) A circumstance or event which is necessary or unavoidable, especially because it is a requirement of a social role or natural state of affairs.
   • 1814, Félix de Beaujour, Sketch of the United States of North America trans. William Waldon, London, p. 169:

     The Americans. . . fear not the necessitudes of fortune.

   • 1872, James Parsons, "The Ancient Commonwealth," The American Law Register (1852-1891), vol. 20, no. 8, New Series vol. 11, p. 485:

     He lives with them in the isolated home of the tribe and enters into the mysterious communion with the domestic gods who still take part in the necessitudes of the family.

   • 1995, Michael W. McConnell and Edmund Burke, "Establishment and Toleration in Edmund Burke's 'Constitution of Freedom'," The Supreme Court Review, Vol. 1995, p. 437:

     As Conor Cruise O'Brien has pointed out, this passage has a "poignant ring," in light of the probable fact that Burke's father was one of those who betrayed his "duty" by sacrificing his "opinion of eternal happiness" to the necessitudes of legal practice.

3. (rare, chiefly philosophy) Necessity.
   • 1981, Graham Dawson, "Justified True Belief Is Knowledge," The Philosophical Quarterly, vol. 31, no. 125: p. 328:

     In Popperian terms, it demonstrates the necessitude of public debate.

4. (archaic) A relation or connection between people or things.

   • The relation and necessitude is trifling and loose, and they are all equally contemptible; because the mind entertains no loves or union.

Usage notes

• Necessitude, necessitousness, necessitation, necessariness are all nouns closely related to necessity, but they tend to have narrower ranges of usage than the term necessity. The principal sense of necessitude and necessitousness is impoverishment, but the plural form of the former (necessitudes) denotes a set of circumstances which is inevitable or unavoidable. Necessitation is used to suggest necessity as a philosophical or cosmic principle. Necessariness tends to be used to stress a direct connection to the adjective necessary.

References