different between rogue vs rat

English

Etymology

Uncertain. From either:

• Earlier English roger (“a begging vagabond who pretends to be a poor scholar from Oxford or Cambridge”), possibly from Latin rog? (“I ask”).
• Middle French rogue (“arrogant, haughty”), from Old Northern French rogre (“aggressive”), from Old Norse hrokr (“excess, exuberance”), though OED does not document this.
• Celtic; see Breton rog (“haughty”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) enPR: r?g, IPA^(key): /??????/
• (US) IPA^(key): /??o???/
• Rhymes: -???

Noun

rogue (plural rogues)

1. A scoundrel, rascal or unprincipled, deceitful, and unreliable person.
   • 1834, Sir Walter Scott, The abbott: being a sequel to The monastery, Volume 19

     And meet time it was, when yon usher, vinegar-faced rogue that he is, began to inquire what popish trangam you were wearing […]

   • July 18 2012, Scott Tobias, AV Club The Dark Knight Rises[2]

     As The Dark Knight Rises brings a close to Christopher Nolan’s staggeringly ambitious Batman trilogy, it’s worth remembering that director chose The Scarecrow as his first villain—not necessarily the most popular among the comic’s gallery of rogues, but the one who set the tone for entire series.

2. A mischievous scamp.
3. A vagrant.
4. (computing) Deceitful software pretending to be anti-spyware, but in fact being malicious software itself.
5. An aggressive animal separate from the herd, especially an elephant.
6. A plant that shows some undesirable variation.
   • 2000 Carol Deppe, Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties, Totnes: Chelsea Green Pub.

     Maintaining varieties also requires selection, however. It's usually referred to as culling or roguing. ...we examine the [plant] population and eliminate the occasional rogue.

7. (role-playing games) A character class focusing on stealthy conduct.

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:villain

Translations

Adjective

rogue (comparative more rogue, superlative most rogue)

1. (of an animal, especially an elephant) Vicious and solitary.
2. (by extension) Large, destructive and unpredictable.
3. (by extension) Deceitful, unprincipled.
   • 2004: Chris Wallace, Character: Profiles in Presidential Courage

     In the minds of Republican hard-liners, the "Silent Majority" of Americans who had elected the President, and even Nixon's two Democrat predecessors, China was a gigantic nuke-wielding rogue state prepared to overrun the free world at any moment.

4. Mischievous, unpredictable.

Translations

Verb

rogue (third-person singular simple present rogues, present participle roguing or rogueing, simple past and past participle rogued)

1. (horticulture) To cull; to destroy plants not meeting a required standard, especially when saving seed, rogue or unwanted plants are removed before pollination.
   • 2000 Carol Deppe, Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties, Totnes: Chelsea Green Pub.

     Maintaining varieties also requires selection, however. It's usually referred to as culling or roguing. ...we examine the [plant] population and eliminate the occasional rogue.

2. (transitive, dated) To cheat.
   • 1883, Prairie Farmer (volume 55, page 29)

     And then to think that Mark should have rogued me of five shiners! He was clever—that's a fact.

3. (obsolete) To give the name or designation of rogue to; to decry.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Cudworth to this entry?)

4. (intransitive, obsolete) To wander; to play the vagabond; to play knavish tricks.

Derived terms

See also

• rouge the shade of red

Anagrams

• orgue, rouge

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???/

Etymology 1

From Middle French rogue, from Old Northern French *rogue (“fish eggs”), from Old Norse hrogn (“roe”), from Proto-Germanic *hrugn? (“spawn, roe”), from Proto-Indo-European *krek- (“spawn, frogspawn”). More at roe.

Noun

rogue f (plural rogues)

1. roe (fish eggs)

Etymology 2

From Middle French rogue, from Old French rogre (“haughty; aggressive; exhilarated”), from Old Norse hrokr (“excess; insolence”). Cognate with Icelandic hrokur (“arrogance”).

Adjective

rogue (plural rogues)

1. haughty
2. contemptuous
3. roguish

Further reading

• “rogue” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French rogre (“haughty; aggressive; exhilarated”), from Old Norse hrokr (“excess; insolence”). Cognate with Icelandic hrokur (“arrogance”).

Adjective

rogue m or f (plural rogues)

1. arrogant; haughty

Portuguese

Verb

rogue

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of rogar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of rogar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of rogar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of rogar

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: r?t, IPA^(key): /?æt/
• Rhymes: -æt

Etymology 1

From Middle English ratte, rat, rotte, from Old English rætt, as though from Proto-Germanic *rattaz, *ratt? (compare West Frisian rôt, Dutch rat), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *reh?d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”); however, the rat was unknown in Northern Europe in antiquity, so if the Proto-Germanic word is real it must have referred to a different animal. Attestation of this family of words begins in the 12th century.

Some of the Germanic cognates show consonant variation, e.g. Middle Low German ratte, radde; Middle High German rate, ratte, ratze. The irregularity may be symptomatic of a late dispersal of the word, in which case it would not be old. Kroonen (2011) rather accounts for it with a Proto-Germanic stem *raþ? nom., *ruttaz gen., showing both ablaut and a Kluge's law alternation, with the variation arising from varying remodellings in the daughters. Kroonen's explanation requires a Proto-Indo-European etymon in final *t, and is hence incompatible with the usual derivation from Proto-Indo-European *reh?d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”).

Noun

rat (plural rats)

1. (zoology) A medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus.
2. (informal) Any of the numerous members of several rodent families (e.g. voles and mice) that resemble true rats in appearance, usually having a pointy snout, a long, bare tail, and body length greater than about 12 cm, or 5 inches.
3. (informal) A person who is known for betrayal; a scoundrel; a quisling.
   • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

     He’s more a man than any pair of rats of you in this here house.

4. (informal) An informant or snitch.
5. (informal) A scab: a worker who acts against trade union policies.
6. (slang) A person who routinely spends time at a particular location.

7. A wad of shed hair used as part of a hairstyle.
8. A roll of material used to puff out the hair, which is turned over it.
9. (Britain, north-west London, slang, vulgar) Vagina.

10. (chiefly informal) Short for muskrat.
    • 1910, L. W. Pierce, "Muskrats are fast disappearing", in Hunter-trader-trapper, page 70:

      The price of rats began to rise and soon after the marsh froze over, spearing rats began, which was done with a one tine three-eighths inch steel rod, with a wooden handle […]

    • 1929, E. J. Dailey, in Hardings Magazine's Question Box, printed in Fur Fish Game, page 73:

      Where natural marshes, or natural foods are found, are best places for raising muskrats. Louisiana and other southern states raise millions of rats, but they do not bring as good prices as northern raised ones. Delaware and Maryland have famed marshes. Other states are becoming noted for muskrat raising, also.

Synonyms

• (person known for betrayal): traitor (see for more synonyms)
• (informer): stool pigeon

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• mouse
• rodent

Verb

rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)

1. (usually with “on” or “out”) To betray a person or party, especially by telling their secret to an authority or an enemy; to turn someone in.

   He ratted on his coworker.

   He is going to rat us out!

2. (informal, intransitive) To work as a scab, going against trade union policies.
3. (of a dog, etc.) To kill rats.

Synonyms

• (to betray someone to an authority): tell on, to finger or put the finger on, bewray

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ratten, further etymology unknown. Compare Middle High German ratzen (“to scratch; rasp; tear”). Could be related to write. See also rit.

Noun

rat (plural rats)

1. (regional) A scratch or a score.
2. (nautical, regional) A place in the sea with rapid currents and crags where a ship is likely to be torn apart in stormy weather.

Verb

rat (third-person singular simple present rats, present participle ratting, simple past and past participle ratted)

1. (regional) To scratch or score.

2. (regional, rare, obsolete) To tear, rip, rend.

3. Damn, drat, blast; used in oaths.
   • 1904, Rafael Sabatini, The Tavern Knight, chapter XXVI:

     “But, rat me, sir,” cried Foster in bewilderment, “tis too generous—'pon honour it is. I can't consent to it. No, rat me, I can't.”

Usage notes

The verb rat is rarely used in the second sense. In the sense to tear, rip, rend, the form to-rat is more common. Compare German zerreißen (“to rip up, tear, rend”).

References

• The Middle English Dictionary
• The English dialect dictionary

Etymology 3

Noun

rat (plural rats)

1. (military, slang) A ration.
   • 2014, John, Buffoon (page 243)

     With regards to the testing of his product, the initial blood analysis had come back confirming huge, distinctive nutritional superiority for Stewart's military ration pack. Given that the policy of the British Army is to be fully ready for war at the drop of a hat, he was sitting on the potential of supplying new rats for the entire army […]

Derived terms

• C-rat

Anagrams

• 'art, ART, ATR, Art, RTA, TAR, Tar, art, art., tar, tra

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?rat/
• Rhymes: -at

Noun

rat m (plural rats)

1. rat

   Synonym: rata

Further reading

• “rat” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “rat” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “rat” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “rat” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology

From Middle Low German rat (“wheel”), from Old Saxon rath.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rat/, [???d?]
• Homophone: ret (except in some older speakers)

Noun

rat n (singular definite rattet, plural indefinite rat)

1. wheel, steering wheel

Inflection

Dutch

Alternative forms

• rot (Northern Dutch, dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle Dutch ratte.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?t/
• Hyphenation: rat
• Rhymes: -?t
• Homophone: rad

Noun

rat f (plural ratten, diminutive ratje n)

1. (zoology) A rat, medium-sized rodent belonging to the genus Rattus, or of certain other genera in the family Muridae.
2. (informal) Any of the numerous, fairly large members of several rodent families that resemble true rats in appearance.
3. (informal) A traitor; a scoundrel; a quisling.
4. (informal) An informant or snitch.
5. (informal) An urchin.
6. (informal) A pauper; undesirable commoner.
7. (slang) A watch.

Derived terms

• landrat
• rattenbeet
• rattengif
• rattenkoning
• rattenval
• rattenvanger
• rattenvergif
• rioolrat
• straatrat
• waterrat
• zwemrat

- animal species

• bisamrat
• bruine rat
• buidelrat
• muskusrat
• rattenbever
• rattenvlo
• woelrat
• woestijnrat
• zwarte rat

Descendants

• Afrikaans: rot

French

Etymology

From Middle French rat (“rat”), from Old French rat (“rat”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a/

Noun

rat m (plural rats)

1. rat
2. (informal) sweetheart
3. scrooch

Derived terms

Related terms

• raton
• rate
• rat d'hôtel
• rater

Further reading

• “rat” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• art

Indonesian

Etymology

From Javanese rat (???), from Sanskrit ?? (ratha, “chariot, wagon, body”). See Yana (Buddhism) in Wikipedia for more information.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?rat??]
• Hyphenation: rat

Noun

rat (first-person possessive ratku, second-person possessive ratmu, third-person possessive ratnya)

1. (archaic) world

   Synonyms: alam, dunia, jagat

Further reading

• “rat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit ?????? (r?tri). Cognate with Hindi ??? (r?t).

Noun

rat (Arabic ????)

1. night

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþ?, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.

Noun

rat n

1. wheel

   Synonym: wiel

Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: rad
• Limburgish: raad

Etymology 2

From Old Dutch *rath, from Proto-Germanic *raþaz, from Proto-Indo-European *Hret-.

Adjective

rat

1. fast, quick

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

• Dutch: rad

Further reading

• “rat”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “rat (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page I
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “rat (III)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, ?ISBN, page III

Middle English

Noun

rat

1. Alternative form of ratte

Norman

Etymology

From Old French rat (“rat”).

Noun

rat m (plural rats)

1. (Jersey, Guernsey) rat

Derived terms

Occitan

Noun

rat m (plural rats)

1. (Rattus rattus) black rat

Synonyms

• garri

Derived terms

Related terms

• rata

References

Old French

Etymology

Of Germanic origin, from Old High German rato (“rat”) or Frankish *rato (“rat”).

Noun

rat m (oblique plural raz or ratz, nominative singular raz or ratz, nominative plural rat)

1. rat (rodent)

Descendants

• French: rat
• Norman: rat

References

Bratchet, A. (1873) , “rat”, in Kitchin, G. W., transl., Etymological dictionary of the French language (Clarendon Press Series), 1st edition, London: Oxford/MacMillan and Co.

Romani

Etymology

From Sanskrit ???? (rakta, “blood”). Cognate with dialectal Hindi ??? (r?t) and Punjabi ??? (ratta).

Noun

rat m (plural rat)

1. blood

Romansch

Etymology

From Frankish *rato (“rat”).

Noun

rat m (plural rats)

1. (Surmiran) rat

Synonyms

• ratung

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ort?, from the o-grade of Proto-Indo-European *h?er- (“to rise, to attack”), cognate to Ancient Greek ???? (éris, “quarrel, strife”), Sanskrit ??? (?ti, “assault”) and Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“struggle, fight”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /rât/

Noun

r?t m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. war

Declension

Synonyms

• vojna

Torres Strait Creole

Etymology

From English rat.

Noun

rat

1. rat or mouse

Synonyms

• mukeis (eastern dialect)

Volapük

Etymology

Borrowed from English rat.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?at]

Noun

rat (nominative plural rats)

1. rat (rodent of the family Muridae)

Declension

Hypernyms

• nim
• sügaf
• süganim
• tuetaf
• tuetanim

Hyponyms

• ratil
• ratül

Derived terms

See also

• mug
• yat

Westrobothnian

Etymology

Cognate to Icelandic hrat n.

Noun

rat n

1. garbage, waste, in forest lying twigs, rotten trees and stumps