different between rock vs jostle

English

Pronunciation

• (General Australian) /??k/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??k/
• (General American) enPR: r?k, IPA^(key): /??k/
• Homophones: roc, rawk
• Rhymes: -?k

Etymology 1

From Middle English rocke, rokke (“rock formation”), from Old English *rocc (“rock”), as in Old English st?nrocc (“high stone rock, peak, obelisk”), and also later from Anglo-Norman roc, roce, roque (compare Modern French roc, roche, rocher), from Medieval Latin rocca (attested 767), from Vulgar Latin *rocca, of uncertain origin, sometimes said to be of Celtic (in particular, perhaps Gaulish [Term?]) origin (compare Breton roc'h).

Noun

rock (countable and uncountable, plural rocks)

1. A formation of minerals, specifically:
   1. (uncountable) The naturally occurring aggregate of solid mineral matter that constitutes a significant part of the earth's crust.

   2. A mass of stone projecting out of the ground or water.

   3. (chiefly British) A boulder or large stone; or (US, Canada) a smaller stone; a pebble.

   4. (geology) Any natural material with a distinctive composition of minerals.
   5. (slang) A precious stone or gem, especially a diamond.

2. A large hill or island having no vegetation.

3. (figuratively) Something that is strong, stable, and dependable; a person who provides security or support to another.
   • 1611, King James Bible, Matthew 16:18,

     And I say also unto thee, That thou art Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church; and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it.

   • 1991, Robert Harling and Andrew Bergman, Soapdish, Paramount Pictures,

     Celeste Talbert: She is my rock, my right hand.

4. A lump or cube of ice.

5. (Britain, uncountable) A type of confectionery made from sugar in the shape of a stick, traditionally having some text running through its length.

6. (US, slang) A crystallized lump of crack cocaine.

   Synonyms: crack rock, candy
7. (US, slang) An unintelligent person, especially one who repeats mistakes.
8. (South Africa, slang, derogatory) An Afrikaner.
9. (US poker slang) An extremely conservative player who is willing to play only the very strongest hands.
10. Any of several fish:
    1. The striped bass.
    2. The huss or rock salmon.

       We ordered rock and chips to take away.

11. (US, basketball, slang) A basketball.

    Yo homie, pass the rock!

12. (US, baseball, slang) A mistake.
    • 2014, Joe Morgan, ?Richard Lally, Baseball For Dummies (page 227)

      Now, you should never make the last out of an inning at third, and when a player does it, everyone knows he pulled a rock.

13. (rock paper scissors) A closed hand (a handshape resembling a rock), that beats scissors and loses to paper. It beats lizard and loses to Spock in rock-paper-scissors-lizard-Spock.
14. (informal, cricket) A cricket ball, especially a new one that has not been softened by use
15. (CB radio slang) A crystal used to control the radio frequency.
    • 1980, Joseph J. Carr, The Complete Handbook of Radio Receivers (page 199)

      It was easily possible to double the cost of a CB rig just by adding all of the "rocks" necessary to do the job.

Synonyms

• (natural mineral aggregate): stone
• (projecting mass of rock): cliff
• (boulder or large stone): boulder, pebble, stone
• (something strong, stable, and dependable): foundation, support
• (precious stone or gem): gem, diamond
• (lump of ice): ice, ice cube
• (crystallized lump of crack cocaine): crack
• (Afrikaner): Afrikaner
• bedrock

Hyponyms

• (geology): country rock

Derived terms

Translations

References

Etymology 2

From Middle English rokken, from Old English roccian, from Proto-Germanic *rukk?n? (compare obsolete Dutch rokken, Middle High German rocken (“to drag, jerk”), Modern German rücken (“to move, shift”), Icelandic rukka (“to yank”)), from Proto-Germanic *rugn?n?, from Proto-Indo-European *h?ruk-néh?, from *h?runk- (compare Latin runc?re (“to weed”), Latvian r???t (“to toss, dig”)).

Verb

rock (third-person singular simple present rocks, present participle rocking, simple past and past participle rocked)

1. (transitive and intransitive) To move gently back and forth.

2. (transitive) To cause to shake or sway violently.

   • A rising earthquake rocked the ground.

3. (intransitive) To sway or tilt violently back and forth.

4. (transitive and intransitive, of ore etc.) To be washed and panned in a cradle or in a rocker.

5. (transitive) To disturb the emotional equilibrium of; to distress; to greatly impact (most often positively).

6. (intransitive) To do well or to be operating at high efficiency.
7. (slang, transitive, euphemistic) to make love to or have sex with.
8. (intransitive) To sway one's body as a stim.

Synonyms

• (move gently back and forth): waver; see also Thesaurus:sway
• (cause to shake violently): agitate, trouble
• (sway violently back and forth): judder; see also Thesaurus:shake
• (do well): cook with gas, flourish
• (have sex with): go to bed with, hit, sleep with; see also Thesaurus:copulate with

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

rock (plural rocks)

1. An act of rocking; a rocking motion; a sway.

Translations

Etymology 3

Shortened from rock and roll. Since the meaning of rock has adapted to mean a simpler, more modern, metal-like genre, rock and roll has generally been left referring to earlier forms such as that of the 1950s, notably more swing-oriented style.

Noun

rock (uncountable)

1. A style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums, and vocals.

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rock (third-person singular simple present rocks, present participle rocking, simple past and past participle rocked)

1. (intransitive) To play, perform, or enjoy rock music, especially with a lot of skill or energy.

   Let’s rock!

2. (intransitive, slang) To be very favourable or skilful; excel; be fantastic.

   Chocolate rocks.

   My holidays in Ibiza rocked! I can't wait to go back.

3. (transitive) to thrill or excite, especially with rock music

   Let's rock this joint!

4. (transitive) to do something with excitement yet skillfully

   I need to rock a piss.

6. (transitive) To wear (a piece of clothing, outfit etc.) successfully or with style; to carry off (a particular look, style).
   • 2011, Tim Jonze, The Guardian, 29 Apr 2011:

     Take today, where she's rocking that well-known fashion combo – a Tory Burch outfit offset with a whacking great bruise attained by smacking her head on a plane's overhead lockers.

Synonyms

• (be very favourable or skilful): rule

Antonyms

• (be very favourable or skilful): stink, suck (the latter may be perceived as vulgar)

Related terms

• rock and roll

Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English rok, rocke, rokke, perhaps from Middle Dutch rocke (whence Dutch rokken), Middle Low German rocken, or Old Norse rokkr (whence Icelandic / Faroese rokkur, Danish rok, Swedish spinnrock (“spinning wheel”)). Cognate with Old High German rocko (“distaff”).

Noun

rock (countable and uncountable, plural rocks)

1. (countable) Distaff.
2. (uncountable) The flax or wool on a distaff.

Synonyms

• (distaff): distaff
• (flax or wool):

Translations

Etymology 5

Noun

rock (plural rocks)

1. Archaic form of roc (mythical bird)

Anagrams

• Cork, Kroc, cork

Catalan

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?r?k/

Noun

rock m (uncountable)

1. rock, rock music

Further reading

• “rock” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “rock” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “rock” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

Czech

Etymology

From English rock.

Noun

rock m

1. rock (style of music)

Derived terms

• rockový

Dutch

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -?k
• IPA^(key): /r?k/

Noun

rock m (uncountable)

1. rock (style of music)

Finnish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?rok/, [?ro?k]

Noun

rock

1. rock (style of music)

Declension

Synonyms

• rock-musiikki
• rokki

Derived terms

• rokata
• rokkari
• suomirock

Compounds

• hevirock
• rockelokuva
• rockmusiikki
• rockooppera
• rocktähti
• rockvideo
• rockyhtye

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??k/

Noun

rock m (uncountable)

1. rock (style of music)

Derived terms

• (n.) rockeur m / rockeuse f
• (v.) rocker

Further reading

• “rock” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Hungarian

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?rok?]
• Hyphenation: rock

Noun

rock (plural rockok)

1. (music) rock (style of music)

   Synonym: rockzene

Declension

Derived terms

• rockos

Related terms

Italian

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?r?k/

Noun

rock m (uncountable)

1. rock (style of music)

Further reading

• rock in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Polish

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?k/

Noun

rock m inan

1. rock (style of music)

Declension

Derived terms

• (adjective) rockowy

Related terms

• (noun) rock and roll

Further reading

• rock in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• rock in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• roque

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /??k/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /???k/, /???.ki/

Noun

rock m (uncountable)

1. rock (style of music)

   Synonym: rock and roll

Derived terms

• roqueiro

Spanish

Etymology

From English rock.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?rok/, [?rok]

Noun

rock m (plural rocks)

1. rock (music style)

Derived terms

• roquero m, roquera f
• rockero m, rockera f
• rockear
• rockódromo m
• rock pesado

Related terms

• rocanrol m
• rocanrolero m
• rock and roll m

Further reading

• “rock” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /¹r?k/, [¹r?k?]
• Rhymes: -?k

Etymology 1

From Old Swedish rokker, from Middle Low German rock, from Old Saxon rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

Noun

rock c

1. a coat, an overcoat

Declension

Synonyms

• kappa
• päls
• trenchcoat
• ulster

Related terms

• rockslag
• söndagsrock
• vinterrock
• ytterrock

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English rock.

Noun

rock c (uncountable)

1. (music, uncountable) rock, rock and roll

Declension

Related terms

• rockband
• rockmusik

References

• rock in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
• rock in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

English

Etymology

Originally justle (“to have sex with”), formed from Middle English jousten, from the Old French joster (“to joust”), from Latin iuxt? (“next to”), from iung? (“join, connect”), equivalent to joust +? -le.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?d??s.?l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?d??.s?l/
• Rhymes: -?s?l

Verb

jostle (third-person singular simple present jostles, present participle jostling, simple past and past participle jostled)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To bump into or brush against while in motion; to push aside.
   • 1792, Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, London: J. Johnson, Part 1, Chapter 13, Section 3, pp. 434-435,^[1]

     Besides, various are the paths to power and fame which by accident or choice men pursue, and though they jostle against each other, for men of the same profession are seldom friends, yet there is a much greater number of their fellow-creatures with whom they never clash. But women are very differently situated with respect to each other—for they are all rivals.

   • 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening, Chapter 12, p. 214,^[2]

     It is not that there are several systems of movement, physical, intellectual, and moral, which are perpetually jostling each other, or which clash whenever they come in contact, and which move on by the one vanquishing the other. But, on the contrary, each of these economies takes its uninterrupted course, as if there were no other moving within the same space […]

   • 1849, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, London: Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, Volume 1, Chapter 3, pp. 370-371,^[3]

     […] when the lord of a Lincolnshire or Shropshire manor appeared in Fleet Street, he was as easily distinguished from the resident population as a Turk or a Lascar. […] Bullies jostled him into the kennel. Hackney coachmen splashed him from head to foot. […]
2. (intransitive) To move through by pushing and shoving.
   • 1920, F. Scott Fitzgerald, This Side of Paradise, Book One, Chapter 3,^[4]

     Axia and Amory, acquaintances of an hour, jostled behind a waiter to a table at a point of vantage; there they took seats and watched.

3. (transitive) To be close to or in physical contact with.
   • 1859, Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species, London: John Murray, Chapter 4, p. 114,^[5]

     […] the advantages of diversification of structure, with the accompanying differences of habit and constitution, determine that the inhabitants, which thus jostle each other most closely, shall, as a general rule, belong to what we call different genera and orders.

4. (intransitive) To contend or vie in order to acquire something.
   • 1819, Walter Scott, The Bride of Lammermoor, in Tales of My Landlord, Edinburgh: Archibald Constable, Third Series, Volume 1, Chapter 1, p. 22,^[6]

     Dick, who, in serious earnest, was supposed to have considerable natural talents for his profession, and whose vain and sanguine disposition never permitted him to doubt for a moment of ultimate success, threw himself headlong into the crowd which jostled and struggled for notice and preferment.

   • 1917, Rudyard Kipling, “The Children,” poem accompanying the story “The Honours of War” in A Diversity of Creatures, London: Macmillan, pp. 129-130,^[7]

     […] Our statecraft, our learning

     Delivered them bound to the Pit and alive to the burning

     Whither they mirthfully hastened as jostling for honour.

5. (dated, slang) To pick or attempt to pick pockets.

Translations

See also

• justle
• joust

Noun

jostle (plural jostles)

1. The act of jostling someone or something; push, shove.
   • 1722, Daniel Defoe, Moll Flanders, London: J. Cooke, 1765, p. 241,^[8]

     I had full hold of her Watch, but giving a great Jostle, as if somebody had thrust me against her, and in the Juncture giving the Watch a fair pull, I found it would not come, so I let it go that Moment, and cried out as if I had been killed, that somebody had trod upon my Foot […]

2. The action of a jostling crowd.
   • 1865, Harriet Beecher Stowe (under the pseudonym Christopher Crowfield), The Chimney-Corner, Boston: Ticknor & Field, 1868, Chapter 12, p. 291,^[9]

     For years to come, the average of lone women will be largely increased; and the demand, always great, for some means by which they many provide for themselves, in the rude jostle of the world, will become more urgent and imperative.

Translations