different between ridge vs sulcus

English

Alternative forms

• rig (dialectal)

Etymology

From Middle English rigge, rygge, (also rig, ryg, rug), from Old English hry?? (“back, spine, ridge, elevated surface”), from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz (“back”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreuk-, *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Cognate with Scots rig (“back, spine, ridge”), North Frisian reg (“back”), West Frisian rêch (“back”), Dutch rug (“back, ridge”), German Rücken (“back, ridge”), Swedish rygg (“back, spine, ridge”), Icelandic hryggur (“spine”). Cognate to Albanian kërrus (“to bend one's back”) and kurriz (“back”).

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: r?j, IPA^(key): /??d?/
• Rhymes: -?d?

Noun

ridge (plural ridges)

1. (anatomy) The back of any animal; especially the upper or projecting part of the back of a quadruped.
   • 1663–1678, Samuel Butler, Hudibras, part III, canto I, pages 91–92:

     He though it was no time to ?tay, / And let the Night too ?teal away, / But in a trice advanced the Knight, / Upon the Bare Ridge, Bolt upright, / And groping out for Ralpho’s Jade, / He found the Saddle too was ?traid […]

2. Any extended protuberance; a projecting line or strip.

   Antonym: groove

3. The line along which two sloping surfaces meet which diverge towards the ground.
4. The highest point on a roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect, running the length of the area.
5. (fortifications) The highest portion of the glacis proceeding from the salient angle of the covered way.
   • 1853-1855, Joachim Hayward Stocqueler , The Life of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington

     the British Guards lie down behind a ridge to avoid the shot and shell from the opposite heights

6. A chain of mountains.
   • c. 1595, William Shakespeare, Richard II, [Act I, scene i], lines 62–66:

     […] Which to maintaine, I would allow him oddes, / And meete him, were I tide to runne afoote, / Euen to the frozen ridges of the Alpes, / Or any other ground inhabitable, / Where euer Engli?hman dur?t ?et his foote.

7. A chain of hills.
8. (oceanography) A long narrow elevation on an ocean bottom.
9. (meteorology) An elongated region of high atmospheric pressure.
   • Antonym: trough

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

ridge (third-person singular simple present ridges, present participle ridging, simple past and past participle ridged)

1. (transitive) To form into a ridge
2. (intransitive) To extend in ridges

Related terms

• Rhodesian Ridgeback

See also

• crest

Anagrams

• derig, dirge, gride, redig

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sulcus (“a furrow made by a plow”). Doublet of sullow ("plough").

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?s?l.k?s/
• Rhymes: -?lk?s

Noun

sulcus (plural sulci)

1. (anatomy) A furrow or groove in an organ or a tissue, especially that marking the convolutions of the surface of the brain.

   Synonym: fissure

   Coordinate term: gyrus

   Hyponyms: calcaneal sulcus, central sulcus, cingulate sulcus, coronal sulcus, cruciate sulcus, interlabial sulcus, intermammary sulcus, lacrimal sulcus, lateral sulcus, malleolar sulcus, postcentral sulcus, preauricular sulcus, precentral sulcus, radial sulcus, sagittal sulcus, sigmoid sulcus, sulcus ansatus, sulcus arteriae vertebralis, sulcus tubae auditivae, tympanic sulcus

2. (planetology) A region of subparallel grooves or ditches formed by a geological process.

Derived terms

• pseudosulcus
• sulcal
• sulcate

Translations

References

• “sulcus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
• “sulcus”, in Merriam–Webster Online Dictionary, (Please provide a date or year).

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *solkos, from Proto-Indo-European *solk-o-s (“furrow”), *selk- (“to pull, drag”), whence also Old English sulh. Doublet of holcus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?sul.kus/, [?s????k?s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?sul.kus/, [?sulkus]

Noun

sulcus m (genitive sulc?); second declension

1. (agriculture) A furrow made by a plow.

   Synonyms: l?ra, porca

2. (transferred sense):
   1. (agriculture) Ploughing.
   2. (of things resembling a furrow):
      1. A long, narrow trench; a ditch.
      2. (in general) A rut or track.

Inflection

Second-declension noun.

Descendants

References

• sulcus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• sulcus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• sulcus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• sulcus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)?^[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, ?ISBN