different between return vs retrograde

English

Alternative forms

• returne (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English returnen, retornen, from Anglo-Norman returner, from Old French retourner, retorner, from Medieval Latin retornare (“to turn back”), from re- + tornare (“to turn”). Compare beturn.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???t??n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /???t?n/
• Rhymes: -??(?)n
• Hyphenation: re?turn

Verb

return (third-person singular simple present returns, present participle returning, simple past and past participle returned)

1. (intransitive) To come or go back (to a place or person).
2. (intransitive) To go back in thought, narration, or argument.

3. (intransitive) To recur; to come again.

4. (intransitive, obsolete) To turn back, retreat.

   • ‘I suppose here is none woll be glad to returne – and as for me,’ seyde Sir Cador, ‘I had lever dye this day that onys to turne my bak.’

5. (transitive, obsolete) To turn (something) round.

   • Whan Kyng Marke harde hym sey that worde, he returned his horse and abode by hym.

6. (transitive) To place or put back something where it had been.

7. (transitive) To give something back to its original holder or owner.

8. (transitive) To take back something to a vendor for a refund.

9. To give in requital or recompense; to requite.
10. (tennis) To bat the ball back over the net in response to a serve.

11. (card games) To play a card as a result of another player's lead.

12. (cricket) To throw a ball back to the wicket-keeper (or a fielder at that position) from somewhere in the field.
13. (transitive) To say in reply; to respond.
14. (intransitive, computing) To relinquish control to the calling procedure.
15. (transitive, computing) To pass (data) back to the calling procedure.

16. (transitive, dated) To retort; to throw back.
17. (transitive) To report, or bring back and make known.

    to return the result of an election
18. (Britain, by extension) To elect according to the official report of the election officers.

Related terms

Translations

Noun

return (plural returns)

1. The act of returning.
2. A return ticket.

3. An item that is returned, e.g. due to a defect, or the act of returning it.

4. An answer.

5. An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, etc.; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.

6. Gain or loss from an investment.
   • 1650, Jeremy Taylor, The Rule and Exercises of Holy Living

     from the few hours we spend in prayer and the exercises of a pious life , the return is great and profitable
7. (taxation, finance) A report of income submitted to a government for purposes of specifying exact tax payment amounts. A tax return.

8. (computing) A carriage return character.
9. (computing) The act of relinquishing control to the calling procedure.
10. (computing) A return value: the data passed back from a called procedure.
11. A return pipe, returning fluid to a boiler or other central plant (compare with flow pipe, which carries liquid away from central plant).

12. A short perpendicular extension of a desk, usually slightly lower.
13. (American football) Catching a ball after a punt and running it back towards the opposing team.
14. (cricket) A throw from a fielder to the wicket-keeper or to another fielder at the wicket.
15. (architecture) The continuation in a different direction, most often at a right angle, of a building, face of a building, or any member, such as a moulding; applied to the shorter in contradistinction to the longer.

Synonyms

• (the act of returning): gaincoming

Derived terms

Translations

Anagrams

• Turner, turner

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???t?????e?d/

Etymology 1

From Middle English [Term?], from Latin retr?gradus, from retr? (“backwards”) + gradus (“step”).

Adjective

retrograde (comparative more retrograde, superlative most retrograde)

1. Directed backwards, retreating; reverting, especially to an inferior state, declining; inverse, reverse; movement opposite to normal or intended motion, often circular motion.

   retrograde ideas, morals, etc.

   • 1975, Saul Bellow, Humboldt's Gift [Avon ed., 1976, p. 74]:

     Such retrograde people still exist, resisting modernity, dragging their feet.

2. Counterproductive to a desired outcome.
   • 1601 - William Shakespeare, Hamlet Act I Scene ii.

     In going back to school in Wittenberg, / It is most retrograde to our desire:/ And we beseech you, bend you to remain

3. (astronomy, of a body orbiting another) In the opposite direction to the orbited body's spin.
4. (geology) Describing a metamorphic change resulting from a decreasing pressure or temperature.
5. (by extension, of a person) A person who opposes social reforms, favoring the maintenance of the status quo, conservative.

Synonyms

• traditionalist
• reactionary

Antonyms

• liberal
• reformist
• progressist

Related terms

Translations

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

retrograde (plural retrogrades)

1. A degenerate person.
2. (music) The reversal of a melody so that what is played first in the original melody is played last and what is played last in the original melody is played first.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Latin retr?gradior or Late Latin retrogredere (retro- (“back”) + gradi (“walk”)).

Verb

retrograde (third-person singular simple present retrogrades, present participle retrograding, simple past and past participle retrograded)

1. (intransitive) To move backwards; to recede; to retire; to decline; to revert.
2. (intransitive, astronomy) To show retrogradation.

Antonyms

• prograde
• direct

Related terms

Translations

Anagrams

• retrogarde

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

retrograde

1. inflection of retrograd:
   1. strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
   2. strong nominative/accusative plural
   3. weak nominative all-gender singular
   4. weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

Italian

Adjective

retrograde

1. feminine plural of retrogrado

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ret?o???ade/, [re.t??o????a.ð?e]

Verb

retrograde

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of retrogradar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of retrogradar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of retrogradar.
4. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of retrogradar.