different between retard vs clog

English

Etymology

From Middle English retarden, from Anglo-Norman or Latin, from Anglo-Norman retarder, from Latin retard?re (“to retard”), from re- + tardus (“slow”).

Pronunciation

Noun (delay sense), verb

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /???t??(?)d/
• Rhymes: -??(?)d

Noun (offensive slang sense)

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /??i?t??(?)d/

Noun

retard (plural retards)

1. Retardation; delay.

   Synonyms: delay, hold-up, retardation

2. (music) A slowing down of the tempo; a ritardando.
3. (offensive, dated) A person with mental retardation.

   Synonyms: retarded, (offensive) tard, (disused medical term) imbecile, (legal term) mental deficient, (disused medical term) moron

4. (informal, offensive) A person or being who is extremely stupid or slow to learn.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:fool

   • 2007, Doug Green, No Wife No Kids No Plan (?ISBN):

     “That's 'cause your dog is a retard,” the large woman retorted. The pit bull must have sensed the insult because it got up on all fours and started barking at the woman. Not one to back down from an interspecies fight, the prison lady stood up […]

Usage notes

Through the euphemism treadmill, the term retard (which originated as a neutral substitute for the terms that had previously designated those with disabilities, namely idiot, imbecile, and moron) has come to be considered offensive; see Wikipedia for more. In a 2003 survey by the BBC, retard was voted the most offensive word relating to disability, followed by spastic.

Derived terms

• -tard

Translations

Verb

retard (third-person singular simple present retards, present participle retarding, simple past and past participle retarded)

1. (transitive) To keep delaying; to continue to hinder; to prevent from progress

   Synonyms: impede, hinder, hold up

2. (transitive) To put off; to postpone.

3. (transitive, obsolete) To be slow or dilatory to perform (something).
4. (intransitive) To decelerate; to slow down.
5. (intransitive, obsolete) To stay back.

Synonyms

• (keep delaying; continue to hinder): decelerate, hinder, slow, slow down; See also Thesaurus:hinder
• (postpone): postpone, put off; See also Thesaurus:procrastinate
• (slow to perform): reluctant
• (decelerate): decelerate, slow, slow down, slow up
• (stay back): hang back, stay back; See also Thesaurus:tarry

Antonyms

• (keep delaying; continue to hinder): accelerate, speed, speed up
• (postpone):
• (stay back): come forward

Derived terms

• retarded

Translations

References

• IQ Basics, including formerly used medical terms for people with very low IQs

Anagrams

• Darter, R-rated, Trader, darter, dartre, retrad, tarred, trader

Catalan

Etymology

From retardar.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /r??ta?t/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /r??tart/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /re?ta?t/

Noun

retard m (plural retards)

1. delay

   Synonyms: demora, endarreriment

Further reading

• “retard” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
• “retard” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “retard” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.

French

Etymology

From the verb retarder.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??.ta?/

Noun

retard m (plural retards)

1. delay

Derived terms

• avoir un train de retard
• en retard
• prendre du retard

Further reading

• “retard” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• tarder, trader

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From French retard (“delay”), from the verb retarder (“to retard, slow down”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??t??r/
• Rhymes: -??r
• Hyphenation: ret?ard
• Homophones: R, r

Noun

retard m (definite singular retarden, indefinite plural retarder, definite plural retardene)

1. (horology) side in a clockwork to which the adjustment indicator must be set to make the clock go slower

   Synonyms: R, r

Antonyms

• avance

References

• “retard” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Anagrams

• darret, radert, trader

English

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Middle English clog (“weight attached to the leg of an animal to impede movement”). Perhaps of North Germanic origin; compare Old Norse klugu, klogo (“knotty tree log”), Dutch klomp.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /kl??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /kl??/, /kl??/

• Rhymes: -??

Noun

clog (plural clogs)

1. A type of shoe with an inflexible, often wooden sole sometimes with an open heel.
   • 2002, Alice Sebold, The Lovely Bones, Waterville, ME: Thorndike Press, Chapter 5, p. 92,^[1]

     She stomped up the stairs. Her clogs slammed against the pine boards of the staircase and shook the house.

2. A blockage.

3. (Britain, colloquial) A shoe of any type.
4. A weight, such as a log or block of wood, attached to a person or animal to hinder motion.
   • 1855, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Letters” in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, p. 115,^[2]

     A clog of lead was round my feet / A band of pain across my brow;

5. That which hinders or impedes motion; an encumbrance, restraint, or impediment of any kind.
   • 1777, Edmund Burke, A Letter from Edmund Burke: Esq; one of the representatives in Parliament for the city of Bristol, to John Farr and John Harris, Esqrs. sheriffs of that city, on the Affairs of America, London: J. Dodsley, p. 8,^[3]

     All the ancient, honest, juridical principles and institutions of England, are so many clogs to check and retard the headlong course of violence and oppression.

Derived terms

• clever clogs
• clog dance
• clogless
• cloglike
• clogs to clogs in three generations
• pop one's clogs
• shot-clog

Translations

Verb

clog (third-person singular simple present clogs, present participle clogging, simple past and past participle clogged)

1. To block or slow passage through (often with 'up').

2. To encumber or load, especially with something that impedes motion; to hamper.
3. To burden; to trammel; to embarrass; to perplex.

   • The commodities […] are clogged with impositions.
4. (law) To enforce a mortgage lender right that prevents a borrower from exercising a right to redeem.
   • 1973, Humble Oil & Refining Co. v. Doerr, 123 N.J. Super. 530, 544, 303 A.2d 898.

     For centuries it has been the rule that a mortgagor’s equity of redemption cannot be clogged and that he cannot, as a part of the original mortgage transaction, cut off or surrender his right to redeem. Any agreement which does so is void and unenforceable ^[sic] as against public policy.

5. (intransitive) To perform a clog dance.

Derived terms

• anticlog
• cloggable
• cloggy
• clog up
• declog
• nonclogging
• unclog
• uncloggable

Translations

References

Anagrams

• G-LOC

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloc.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kl???/

Noun

clog m (genitive singular cloig, nominative plural cloig)

1. bell
2. clock
3. blowball, clock (of dandelion)
4. blister

Declension

• Alternative plural: cloganna (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

Verb

clog (present analytic clogann, future analytic clogfaidh, verbal noun clogadh, past participle clogtha)

1. (intransitive) ring a bell
2. (transitive) stun with noise
3. (intransitive) blister

Conjugation

Mutation

References

• "clog" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• “clog” in Foclóir Gae?ilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1st ed., 1904, by Patrick S. Dinneen, page 150.
• “clogaim” in Foclóir Gae?ilge agus Béarla, Irish Texts Society, 1st ed., 1904, by Patrick S. Dinneen, page 151.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “cloc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *klog, from Proto-Celtic *kluk?. Cognate with Irish cloch, Scottish Gaelic clach.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /klo??/

Noun

clog f (plural clogau)

1. cliff, rockface

Related terms

• clegyr (“rock, crag”)

Mutation