different between resonance vs synergy

English

resonance on Wikiversity.Wikiversity

Etymology

From Old French resonance (French résonance), from Latin resonantia (“echo”), from reson? (“I resound”).????

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /???z?n?ns/

Noun

resonance (countable and uncountable, plural resonances)

1. The quality of being resonant.
2. A resonant sound, echo, or reverberation, such as that produced by blowing over the top of a bottle.
3. (medicine) The sound produced by a hollow body part such as the chest cavity upon auscultation, especially that produced while the patient is speaking.
4. (figuratively) Something that evokes an association, or a strong emotion.
5. (physics) The increase in the amplitude of an oscillation of a system under the influence of a periodic force whose frequency is close to that of the system's natural frequency.
6. (nuclear physics) A short-lived subatomic particle or state of atomic excitation that results from the collision of atomic particles.
   • 2004, When experiments with the first ‘atom-smashers’ took place in the 1950s to 1960s, many short-lived heavier siblings of the proton and neutron, known as ‘resonances’, were discovered. — Frank Close, Particle Physics: A Very Short Introduction (Oxford 2004, p. 35)
7. An increase in the strength or duration of a musical tone produced by sympathetic vibration.
8. (chemistry) The property of a compound that can be visualized as having two structures differing only in the distribution of electrons; mesomerism.
9. (astronomy) A influence of the gravitational forces of one orbiting object on the orbit of another, causing periodic perturbations.
10. (electronics) The condition where the inductive and capacitive reactances have equal magnitude.

Related terms

• resonate
• resonator
• resonant

Translations

Anagrams

• noncrease

Old French

Etymology 1

Latin resonantia (“echo”), from reson? (“I resound”).

Noun

resonance f (oblique plural resonances, nominative singular resonance, nominative plural resonances)

1. resonance

Etymology 2

resoner (“to reason”) +? -ance.

Noun

resonance f (oblique plural resonances, nominative singular resonance, nominative plural resonances)

1. reason (logic, thinking behind an idea or concept)

References

• Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle (1881) (resonance)

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ???????? (sunergía, “cooperation”), from ??? (sún, “with, together”) + ????? (érgon, “work”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?s?n?d?i/
• (US) enPR: s?n??r-j?, IPA^(key): /?s?n?d?i/

Noun

synergy (countable and uncountable, plural synergies)

1. (systems theory) A synonym of binding energy.
   • 1986, John Andrew Dillon (Society for General Systems Research). Proceedings of the International Conference on Mental Images, Values, & Reality. Vol. 1, Intersystems Publications, p. D-7

     Depending on the initial condition of the system (initial alphabet and number of elements) the co-evolution of nested local and global hierarchies continues until the system reaches a maximum value of complexity. At least for nuclear systems a quantitative variable called "complexity" can be defined, which increases in an irreversible manner during stellar evolution (Winiwarter, 1983). This variable C is composed of an informational measure I describing the variety of the computed formulas and an energetic measure R describing the relative binding energy or "synergy" permitting the coherence of the system.

   • 2009, J.-C. Spender, "Organizational Knowledge, Collective Practice and Penrose Rents", in Michael H. Zack (ed.), Knowledge and Strategy, Routledge, 2009, p. 125

     In short, synergy is the consequence of the energy expended in creating order. It is locked up in the viable system created, be it an organism or a social system. It is at the level of the system. It is not discernible at the level of the system. It is not discernible at the level of the system's components. Whenever the system is dismembered to examine its components, this binding energy dissipates. An ordered library offers systemic possibilities, such as rapid search, selection, and aggregation, that cannot be explained by looking at the books themselves. These possibilities only exist because of the investment made in defining and creating interrelations between the books, their physical arrangement and the catalogues.

2. (physiology) The cooperation of two or more nerves, muscles, organs, etc.

   the digestive synergy

3. (pharmacology) The combined action of two or more drugs where the effects are stronger than their mere sum.
4. (figuratively) Benefits resulting from combining different groups, people, objects or processes.

Synonyms

• binding energy (in systems theory)

Antonyms

• asynergy (absence of synergy)
• antisynergy

Related terms

Translations

Further reading

• synergy on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• synergy in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• synergy in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

References