different between reserve vs sustain

English

Etymology

From Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /???z?v/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???z??v/
• Rhymes: -??(?)v
• Hyphenation: re?serve

Noun

reserve (countable and uncountable, plural reserves)

1. (behaviour) Restriction.
   1. The act of reserving or keeping back; reservation; exception.

   2. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backwardness; caution in personal behavior.
2. That which is reserved or kept back, as for future use.
   1. A natural resource known to exist but not currently exploited.
   2. A tract of land reserved, or set apart, for a particular purpose

   3. (Canada) A tract of land set apart for the use of an Aboriginal group; Indian reserve (compare US reservation.)
   4. (military) A body of troops kept in the rear of an army drawn up for battle, reserved to support the other lines as occasion may require; a force or body of troops kept for an exigency.
   5. (finance, insurance) Funds kept on hand to meet planned or unplanned financial requirements.
   6. A reserve price in an auction.
   7. Wine held back and aged before being sold.
   8. (ceramics) Absence of color or decoration; the state of being left plain.
      • 1973, Charles Kyrle Wilkinson, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), Nishapur: Pottery of the Early Islamic Period (page 161)

        Each is decorated with a simple disk in reserve and a band in reserve adorned with white dots.

3. (social) Something initially kept back for later use in a recreation.
   1. (sports) A member of a team who does not participate from the start of the game, but can be used to replace tired or injured team-mates.
   2. (card games) A group or pile of cards dealt out at the beginning of a patience or solitaire game to be used during play.
4. In exhibitions, a distinction indicating that the recipient will get a prize in the event of another person being disqualified.
5. (calico printing) A resist.
6. A preparation used on an object being electroplated to fix the limits of the deposit.

Synonyms

• (restraint of freedom in words or actions): self-restraint, reticence, taciturnity
• (sports: reserve player): substitute
• (military: reserve forces): Army Reserve, Territorial Army, TA, TAVR, territorials, terriers, reservists
• (tract of land for Aboriginal peoples): reservation, res, rez

Derived terms

Related terms

• reservist

Translations

Verb

reserve (third-person singular simple present reserves, present participle reserving, simple past and past participle reserved)

1. To keep back; to retain.

   We reserve the right to make modifications.

2. To keep in store for future or special use.

   This cake is reserved for the guests!

   • c. 1703-1720, Jonathan Swift, A Letter to a Very Young Lady on Her Marriage

     Conceal your esteem and love in your own breast, and reserve your kind looks and language for private hours.

3. To book in advance; to make a reservation.

   I reserved a table for us at the best restaurant in town.

4. (obsolete) To make an exception of; to except.

Translations

Anagrams

• Reveres, reveres, reverse, severer, veerers

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French reserve, from Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??z?r.v?/
• Hyphenation: re?ser?ve
• Rhymes: -?rv?

Noun

reserve f (plural reserves, diminutive reservetje n)

1. reserve, emergency supply (that which is reserved, or kept back, as for future use)
2. military reserves
3. reservation, restraint
4. (law, Belgium) forced estate, legitime

   Synonym: voorbehouden deel

   Antonym: beschikbaar deel

5. (sports) alternate, substitute, reserve

Derived terms

• gasreserve
• oliereserve
• kapitaalreserve
• reserveband
• reservebank
• reservebatterij
• reserve-eenheid
• reservefiets
• reservekracht
• reserveleger
• reservemateriaal
• reserveofficier
• reserveonderdeel
• reservevoorraad
• reservewiel
• vetreserve
• voedselreserve

Related terms

• reserveren

Descendants

• Afrikaans: reserwe
• ? Indonesian: reserve

Anagrams

• serveer, servere, verrees

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch reserve, from Old French reserver.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [r??ser.v?]
• Hyphenation: rê?sér?vê

Noun

rêsérvê (first-person possessive reserveku, second-person possessive reservemu, third-person possessive reservenya)

1. (colloquial) reserve.

   Synonyms: cadangan, serap

2. (colloquial) requirement.

   Synonym: syarat

Further reading

• “reserve” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reserver, definite plural reservene)

1. a reserve

Derived terms

• reservedel

Related terms

• reservere

References

• “reserve” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “reserve” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Via German Reserve from French réserve

Noun

reserve m (definite singular reserven, indefinite plural reservar, definite plural reservane)

1. a reserve

Derived terms

• reservedel

References

• “reserve” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Verb

reserve

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of reservar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of reservar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of reservar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of reservar

Spanish

Verb

reserve

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of reservar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of reservar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of reservar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of reservar.

English

Etymology

From Middle English susteinen, sustenen, from Old French sustenir (French soutenir), from Latin sustine?, sustin?re (“to uphold”), from sub- (“from below, up”) + tene? (“hold”, verb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /s??ste?n/
• Hyphenation: sus?tain
• Rhymes: -e?n

Verb

sustain (third-person singular simple present sustains, present participle sustaining, simple past and past participle sustained)

1. (transitive) To maintain, or keep in existence.

   The professor had trouble sustaining students’ interest until the end of her lectures.

   The city came under sustained attack by enemy forces.

   • 1949, George Orwell, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Part Two, Chapter 9,^[1]

     All the beliefs, habits, tastes, emotions, mental attitudes that characterize our time are really designed to sustain the mystique of the Party and prevent the true nature of present-day society from being perceived.

2. (transitive) To provide for or nourish.

   provisions to sustain an army

   • 1611, King James Version of the Bible, Nehemiah 9:21,^[2]

     Yea, forty years didst thou sustain them in the wilderness, so that they lacked nothing; their clothes waxed not old, and their feet swelled not.

   • 1937, Robert Byron, The Road to Oxiana, London: Macmillan, Part 2, p. 59,^[3]

     We rode five farsakhs today, sustained by a single bowl of curds and tortured by the wooden saddles.

3. (transitive) To encourage or sanction (something). (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:)
4. (transitive) To experience or suffer (an injury, etc.).

   The building sustained major damage in the earthquake.

   • c. 1612, William Shakespeare and John Fletcher, Henry VIII, Act III, Scene 2,^[4]

     […] if you omit

     The offer of this time, I cannot promise

     But that you shall sustain moe new disgraces,

     With these you bear already.

   • 1697, John Dryden (translator), The Aeneid, Book 7, lines 592-593, in The Works of Virgil, London: Jacob Tonson, p. 418,^[5]

     Shall Turnus then such endless Toil sustain,

     In fighting Fields, and conquer Towns in vain:

5. (transitive) To confirm, prove, or corroborate; to uphold.

   to sustain a charge, an accusation, or a proposition

   • 1876, Henry Martyn Robert, Pocket Manual of Rules of Order for Deliberative Assemblies, Chicago: Griggs, 1885, Section 61 (e), p. 167,^[6]

     After the vote is taken, the Chairman states that the decision of the Chair is sustained, or reversed, as the case may be.

6. To keep from falling; to bear; to uphold; to support.

   A foundation sustains the superstructure; an animal sustains a load; a rope sustains a weight.

7. To aid, comfort, or relieve; to vindicate.
   • c. 1605, William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act III, Scene 3,^[7]

     When I desir’d their leave that I might pity him, they took from me the use of mine own house, charg’d me on pain of perpetual displeasure neither to speak of him, entreat for him, nor any way sustain him.

   • 1697, John Dryden (translator), The Aeneid, Book 6, lines 1122-1123, in The Works of Virgil, London: Jacob Tonson, p. 395,^[8]

     His Sons, who seek the Tyrant to sustain,

     And long for Arbitrary Lords again,

Derived terms

• sustainable
• sustainedly
• sustaining

Related terms

Translations

Noun

sustain (plural sustains)

1. (music) A mechanism which can be used to hold a note, as the right pedal on a piano.
   • 2011, Chuck Eddy, Rock and Roll Always Forgets (page 265)

     To call this music bland is to ignore the down-the-drain vocal fade-aways, the extended sax sustains […]

Anagrams

• issuant