different between reif vs reef

English

Alternative forms

• rief

Etymology

From Middle English ref, reaf, reif, from Old English r?af (“plunder, spoil, booty, raiment, garment, robe, vestment, armor”), from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raub?, *raubaz (“rape, robbery”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to rip, tear”).

Cognate with Scots reif, rief (“robbery, depredation, spoliation”), Saterland Frisian roowje (“loot, rob”), Dutch roof (“spoil, booty, robbery”), German Raub (“robbery, spoils, plunder”). See also reave, robe.

Noun

reif (uncountable)

1. (Scotland, obsolete) Robbery.
   • c. 1524,, a letter, recorded in The History of Scotland (John Hill Burton, 1873), volume 3, page 109:

     The opposition, which, as we shall see, was headed by Archbishop Beaton, protested against the "daily slaughters, murders, reifs, thefts, depredations, and heavy attemptates, that are daily and hourly committed within this realm in fault of justice."

   • c. 1577–1587, Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles:

     […] meaning to live by reif of other mennes goodes, wherein they have no manner of propertie.

   • 1814, Walter Scott, Waverley:

     […] the lawless thieves, limmers, and broken men of the Highlands, had been in fellowship together by reason of their surnames for the committing of divers thefts, reifs, and herships.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:reif.

References

• reif in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• -fier, FIRE, Fier, Frie, fier, fire, refi, rief, rife

German

Etymology

From Old High German r?fi, akin to Old Saxon r?pi (Modern Dutch rijp).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?a??f/

Adjective

reif (comparative reifer, superlative am reifsten)

1. ripe
2. mature

Declension

Antonyms

• unreif

Related terms

• Reife

Further reading

• “reif” in Duden online
• “reif” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• Friedrich Kluge (1883) , “reif”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

Icelandic

Verb

reif

1. first-person singular past indicative of rífa
2. third-person singular past indicative of rífa

Luxembourgish

Verb

reif

1. second-person singular imperative of reiwen

Middle English

Alternative forms

• reaf, ræf, ref, reve, raf, ræve, rave, reafe

Etymology

From Old English r?af, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz, *raub?, *raub?. Doublet of robe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r??f/, /r??v/

Noun

reif (plural reves)

1. A piece of clothing or gear, especially priestly.
2. (rare) pillaging, looting; intense destruction.
3. (rare) loot, spoils; the fruit of success.
4. (rare) destructiveness; the quality of being damaging.

Descendants

• English: reif, reaf, rief
• Scots: reif, rief, reiff, refe, ref

References

• “r?f, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-17.
• “r?f, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-17.

Scots

Alternative forms

• rief, reiff, refe, ref

Etymology

From Middle English reif, from Old English r?af, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz.

Noun

reif

1. robbery
   • 1809, The Sang of the Outlaw Murray, in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border: Historical ballads (Walter Scott), page 18:

     The man that wons yon Foreste intill,

     He lives by reif and felonie !

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: r?f, IPA^(key): /?i?f/
• Rhymes: -i?f

Etymology 1

From earlier riff, from Middle English rif, from Old Norse rif (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Germanic *ribj? (“rib, reef”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?reb?- (“arch, ceiling, cover”). Dutch rif (“reef”), Low German riff, reff (“reef”), German Riff (“reef, ledge”) are also borrowed from Old Norse. Doublet of rib.

Alternative forms

• riff (obsolete)

Noun

reef (plural reefs)

1. A chain or range of rocks, sand, or coral lying at or near the surface of the water.
2. (Australia, South Africa) A large vein of auriferous quartz; hence, any body of rock yielding valuable ore.
3. (nautical) A portion of a sail rolled and tied down to lessen the area exposed in a high wind.
4. A reef knot.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

reef (third-person singular simple present reefs, present participle reefing, simple past and past participle reefed)

1. (nautical) To take in part of a sail in order to adapt the size of the sail to the force of the wind.
   • 1970 July–December, Margaret Quilty, Roller Reefing Made Easy, Boating, page 63,

     Be sure the blocks are securely mounted—they carry a fairish load when the sail is reefed.

     If both reefing line and main halyard are led to the cockpit, even singlehanded reefing is a breeze.

   • 1995, David Seidman, The Complete Sailor: Learning the Art of Sailing, page 104,

     Mains are made smaller by reefing. This can be done by rolling up the sail around the boom, or by the more traditional method of tying down a panel along the foot.

   • 2004, Charlie Wing, How Boat Things Work, page 108,

     The reefing system for a mainsail must be designed to operate efficiently under adverse conditions and to provide proper sail shape when reefed.

2. (Australia) To pull or yank strongly, especially in relation to horse riding.
   • 1986, Jan Wositzky, Me and Phar Lap: The Remarkable Life of Tommy Woodcock, 2011, page 49,

     And when the Cup came on he stirred them up ?round the barrier and he flew out of the barrier and he pulled and reefed and pulled and reefed and Lewis didn?t let him settle down until about three furlongs from home and when he did settle the horse was all out of stride and he went back through the field a fair bit.

   • 1994, Herb Wharton, Cattle Camp: Murrie Drovers and Their Stories, 2010, page 73,

     Alf told me that one young white stockman, eager to impress the girls, went outside and mounted his horse, then began showing off his prowess, racing past the pub, wheeling and reefing his horse up and down the street, yackeyeing and whooping, flogging his horse with a battered old hat and always turning towards the pub to see if the girls were watching these feats of horsemanship.

   • 2007, Marion Houldsworth, Maybe It?ll Rain Tomorrow, 2012, page 104,

     […] head stockman would say ‘Cut one out but take him at a walk.? And if you could get that beast out without reefing your horse around, the head stockman – he?d be a pretty cluey old coot - he?s watching that horse?s ears more than what you were doing.

3. (nautical, of paddles) To move the floats of a paddle wheel toward its center so that they will not dip so deeply.

   Reef the paddles.

4. (slang) To manipulate the lining of a person's pocket in order to steal the contents unnoticed.
   • Myron M. Stearns, So You Lost Your Pocketbook?, in 1940, The Rotarian (volume 56, number 2, page 39)

     This was done by "reefing." He put two fingers just inside the opening and lifted the lining a trifle. Although I watched his hands, I could feel nothing, so gently did his fingers work. Reefing a couple of times, he lifted my handkerchief, as he might have taken out anything else.

Derived terms

• disreef

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English ref, hreof, from Old English hr?of (“rough, scabby, leprous", also "a leper”), from Proto-Germanic *hreubaz (“rough, scabby, scrubby”), from Proto-Indo-European *kreup- (“scab, crust”), related to Old English hr?ofla (“leprosy, leper”). Cognate with Scots reif (“a skin disease leaving crusts on the skin, the scab”), Old High German riob (“leprous, scabby, mangy”), Icelandic hrjúfur (“scabby, rough”). Compare riffe, dandruff.

Alternative forms

• reif, rief (Scotland)

Adjective

reef (comparative reefer or more reef, superlative reefest or most reef)

1. Scabby; scurvy.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:scabby

Noun

reef (plural reefs)

1. (now chiefly dialectal) The itch; any eruptive skin disorder.
2. (now chiefly dialectal) Dandruff.

Anagrams

• -free, Free, feer, fere, free

Dutch

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch r?ven, from Proto-West Germanic *r?fan.

Noun

reef f (plural reven, diminutive reefje n)

1. line drawn on the ground, furrow

Etymology 2

Noun

reef n (plural reven, diminutive reefje n)

1. Alternative form of reef (shallows; strip of sail)