different between reflex vs start

English

Etymology

From Late Latin reflexus, past participle of reflectere (“to bend back”). Photography sense is from noun sense meaning “reflection”.

Pronunciation

• (noun, adjective) IPA^(key): /??i?fl?ks/
• (verb) IPA^(key): /???fl?ks/

Noun

reflex (plural reflexes)

1. An automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing.
   • 1970, Stanis?aw Lem, trans. Joanna Kilmartin and Steve Cox, Solaris:

     For a while, I shall have to make a conscious effort to smile, nod, stand and perform the thousands of little gestures which constitute life on Earth, and then those gestures will become reflexes again.

1. (linguistics) The descendant of an earlier language element, such as a word or phoneme, in a daughter language.

   Synonym: derivative

   Antonym: etymon

   Coordinate term: cognate

2. The descendant of anything from an earlier time, such as a cultural myth.
   • 1898, Christian Brinton, in The Century

     The superstition of the loup-garou, or werewolf, belongs to the folklore of most modern nations, and has its reflex in the story of "Little Red Riding-hood" and others.

3. (chiefly photography) Reflection or an image produced by reflection. The light reflected from an illuminated surface to one in shade.

Translations

Adjective

reflex (comparative more reflex, superlative most reflex)

1. Bent, turned back or reflected.
   • 1677, Matthew Hale, The Primitive Origination of Mankind, Considered and Examined According to the Light of Nature

     the reflex act of the soul, or the turning of the intellectual eye inward upon its own actions

2. Produced automatically by a stimulus.
3. (geometry, of an angle) Having greater than 180 degrees but less than 360 degrees.
   • 1878, James Maurice Wilson, Elementary Geometry, MacMillan, page 10:

     A polygon is said to be convex when no one of its angles is reflex.

   • 1895, David Eugen Smith and Wooster Woodruff Bernan, New Plane and Solid Geometry, page 7:

     An angle less than a right angle is said to be acute; one greater than a right angle but less than a straight angle is said to be obtuse; one greater than a straight angle but less than a perigon is said to be reflex or convex.

   • 1958, Howard Fehr, “On Teaching Dihedral Angle and Steradian” in The Mathematics Teacher, v 51, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, page 275:

     If the reflex region is the interior of the angle, the dihedral angle is reflex.

   • 1991, B. Falcidieno et al, “Configurable Representations in Feature-based Modelling” in Eurographics '91: Proceedings, North-Holland, page 145:

     A reflex edge of a polyhedron is an edge where the inner dihedral angle subtended by two incident faces is greater than 180°.

   • 2001, Esther M. Arkin et al, “On the Reflexivity of Point Sets”, in Algorithms and data structures: 7th International Workshop, WADS 2001: Proceedings, Springer, page 195:

     We say that an angle is convex if it is not reflex.

   • 2004, Ana Paula Tomás and António Leslie Bajuelos, “Quadratic-Time Linear-Space Algorithms Generating Orthogonal Polygons with a Given Number of Vertices”, in Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2004 Proceedings, part 3, Springer, page 117:

     P denotes a polygon and r the number of reflex vertices.

4. (painting) Illuminated by light reflected from another part of the same picture.

Synonyms

• (of an angle): re-entrant

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

reflex (third-person singular simple present reflexes, present participle reflexing, simple past and past participle reflexed)

1. (transitive) To bend, turn back or reflect.
2. To respond to a stimulus.

Anagrams

• Flexer

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin reflexus, first attested 1803.

Adjective

reflex (feminine reflexa, masculine plural reflexos, feminine plural reflexes)

1. reflected

   Synonym: reflectit

2. (psychology) reflex

3. (botany) reflexed
4. (linguistics) reflexive

   Synonym: reflexiu

Noun

reflex m (plural reflexos)

1. reflection (something that is reflected)

   Synonym: reflexió

2. reflex (an automatic response to a simple stimulus)

Further reading

• “reflex” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “reflex” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “reflex” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

References

Czech

Noun

reflex m

1. reflex

Related terms

• See flexe

Further reading

• reflex in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• reflex in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French réflexe, from Latin reflexus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re??fl?ks/, /r??fl?ks/
• Hyphenation: re?flex
• Rhymes: -?ks

Noun

reflex m (plural reflexen, diminutive reflexjes n)

1. reflex (automatic response by an organism)

   Synonym: reflexus

Derived terms

• reflexachtig
• reflexmatig

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: refleks

Hungarian

Etymology

From German Reflex, from French réflexe.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?r?fl?ks]
• Hyphenation: ref?lex
• Rhymes: -?ks

Noun

reflex (plural reflexek)

1. reflex (an automatic response to a simple stimulus which does not require mental processing)
2. (photography) reflection

   Synonyms: visszfény, tükröz?dés

Declension

Derived terms

References

Further reading

• reflex in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Romanian

Etymology

From French réflexe, from Latin Reflex.

Adjective

reflex m or n (feminine singular reflex?, masculine plural reflec?i, feminine and neuter plural reflexe)

1. reflex

Declension

Swedish

Etymology

From French réflexe, first attested 1811.

Noun

reflex c

1. a reflex, a (quick and spontaneous) reaction
2. a reflector (tag, strip or band; carried by pedestrians and bicyclists to be visible from automobiles)

Declension

References

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /st??t/
• (General American) enPR: stärt, IPA^(key): /st??t/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t

Etymology 1

From Middle English stert, from the verb sterten (“to start, startle”). See below.

Noun

start (plural starts)

1. The beginning of an activity.

   The movie was entertaining from start to finish.
2. A sudden involuntary movement.

   He woke with a start.

   • 1885, Robert Louis Stevenson, Olalla

     The sight of his scared face, his starts and pallors and sudden harkenings, unstrung me […]

3. The beginning point of a race, a board game, etc.

   Captured pieces are returned to the start of the board.

4. An appearance in a sports game, horserace, etc., from the beginning of the event.

   Jones has been a substitute before, but made his first start for the team last Sunday.
5. (horticulture) A young plant germinated in a pot to be transplanted later.
   • 2009, Liz Primeau, Steven A. Frowine, Gardening Basics For Canadians For Dummies

     You generally see nursery starts at garden centres in mid to late spring. Small annual plants are generally sold in four-packs or larger packs, with each cell holding a single young plant.

6. An initial advantage over somebody else; a head start.

   to get, or have, the start

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? German: Start

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English sterten (“to leap up suddenly, rush out”), from Old English styrtan (“to leap up, start”), from Proto-West Germanic *sturtijan (“to startle, move, set in motion”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”). Cognate with Old Frisian stirta (“to fall down, tumble”), Middle Dutch sterten (“to rush, fall, collapse”) (Dutch storten), Old High German sturzen (“to hurl, plunge, turn upside down”) (German stürzen), Old High German sterzan (“to be stiff, protrude”). More at stare.

Verb

start (third-person singular simple present starts, present participle starting, simple past and past participle started)

1. (transitive) To begin, commence, initiate.
   1. To set in motion.
      • April 2, 1716, Joseph Addison, Freeholder No. 30

        I was some years ago engaged in conversation with a fashionable French Abbe, upon a subject which the people of that kingdom love to start in discourse.
   2. To begin.
   4. To initiate operation of a vehicle or machine.

   5. To put or raise (a question, an objection); to put forward (a subject for discussion).
   6. To bring onto being or into view; to originate; to invent.
      • 1674, William Temple, letter to The Countess of Essex

        Sensual men agree in the pursuit of every pleasure they can start.

2. (intransitive) To begin an activity.
3. (intransitive) To have its origin (at), begin.

4. To startle or be startled; to move or be moved suddenly.
   1. (intransitive) To jerk suddenly in surprise.
      • I start as from some dreadful dream.

      • 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick, or The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry After Truth With a Variety of Rules to Guard

        Keep your soul to the work when it is ready to start aside.

      • 1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, XXXI:

        [...] The tempest's mocking elf / Points to the shipman thus the unseen shelf / He strikes on, only when the timbers start.

   2. (intransitive) To awaken suddenly.
   3. (transitive) To disturb and cause to move suddenly; to startle; to alarm; to rouse; to cause to flee or fly.
      • c. 1603, William Shakespeare, Othello, Act I, Scene i^[2]:

        [...]Upon malicious bravery dost thou come / To start my quiet?

   4. (transitive) To move suddenly from its place or position; to displace or loosen; to dislocate.
      • 1676, Richard Wiseman, Severall Chirurgical Treatises

        One, by a fall in wrestling, started the end of the clavicle from the sternon.

5. (intransitive) To break away, to come loose.
6. (transitive, sports) To put into play.
   • 2010, Brian Glanville, The Story of the World Cup: The Essential Companion to South Africa 2010, London: Faber and Faber, ?ISBN, page 361:

     The charge against Zagallo then is not so much that he started Ronaldo, but that when it should surely have been clear that the player was in no fit state to take part he kept him on.

7. (transitive, nautical) To pour out; to empty; to tap and begin drawing from.

8. (intransitive, euphemistic) To start one's periods (menstruation).

Usage notes

• In uses 1.1 and 1.2 this is a catenative verb that takes the infinitive (to) or the gerund (-ing) form. There is no change in meaning.
• For more information, see Appendix:English catenative verbs

Antonyms

• stop
• end

Derived terms

• astart
• start-up
• starter

Descendants

• ? Dutch: starten
• ? German: starten
• ? Norman: stèrter
• ? French: starter
• ? Icelandic: starta
• ? Faroese: starta
• ? Norwegian Bokmål: starte
• ? Norwegian Nynorsk: starta
• ? Swedish: starta
• ? Danish: starte
• ? Slovak: štartova?

Translations

See also

Etymology 3

From Middle English stert, start, from Old English steort, stert, from Proto-Germanic *stertaz (“tail”). Cognate with Dutch staart (“tail”), German Sterz (“tail, handle”), Swedish stjärt (“tail, arse”).

Noun

start (plural starts)

1. A tail, or anything projecting like a tail.
2. A handle, especially that of a plough.
3. The curved or inclined front and bottom of a water wheel bucket.
4. The arm, or level, of a gin, drawn around by a horse.

Derived terms

1. redstart

Anagrams

• Strat, Tarts, strat, tarts

Breton

Adjective

start

1. firm, strong
2. difficult

Derived terms

• startijenn

Further reading

• Herve Ar Bihan, Colloquial Breton, pages 16 and 268: define "start" as "hard, difficult, firm"

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start

1. start

Declension

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?^[3], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN

Czech

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?start]

Noun

start m

1. start (beginning point of a race)

Declension

Related terms

• p?ipravit se, pozor, start

See also

• cíl m

Further reading

• start in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• start in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start c (singular definite starten, plural indefinite starter)

1. start

Inflection

Verb

start

1. imperative of starte

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?rt/
• Hyphenation: start
• Rhymes: -?rt

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start m (plural starts, diminutive startje n)

1. start

Derived terms

• pikstart
• startbaan
• starten
• startpunt

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

start

1. first-, second- and third-person singular present indicative of starten
2. imperative of starten

German

Verb

start

1. singular imperative of starten

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English start.

Noun

start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural starter, definite plural startene)

1. a start

Derived terms

• omstart
• startsted

Etymology 2

Verb

start

1. imperative of starte

References

• “start” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /st?rt/

Noun

start m (definite singular starten, indefinite plural startar, definite plural startane)

1. a start (beginning)

Verb

start

1. imperative of starta

Derived terms

• omstart

References

• “start” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /start/

Noun

start m inan

1. (sports) start (the beginning of a race)
2. (aviation) takeoff

   Z niecierpliwo?ci? czeka?am na start samolotu do Pary?a.

   I was impatiently waiting for the plane to Paris to take off. (=for its take-off)

3. participation

   Wi?kszo?? kibiców ucieszy?a si?, ?e zdecydowa? si? on na start w zawodach.

   Most fans were happy to hear that he had decided to take part in the competition.

Declension

Derived terms

• startowa? (“to start”, verb)
• startowy (“tarting, take-off”, adjective)
• falstart m (“false start”, noun)

Further reading

• start in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

Noun

start c

1. a start; a beginning (of a race)
2. the starting (of an engine)

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

• starta
• starter
• startare

References

• start in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• ratts, trast

Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from English start.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sta?t]
• Hyphenation: start

Noun

start (definite accusative start?, plural startlar)

1. start

Usage notes

As Turks are generally not easily spelling consonants at the beginning of a syllable, this word may often be spelled as [s?ta?t].

Declension

Antonyms

• fini?