different between referendum vs poll

English

Etymology

From Latin referendum (“that which ought to be announced”), from refero (“I announce”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???f????nd?m/

Noun

referendum (plural referenda or referendums)

1. (politics) A direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. The adposition on is usually used before the related subject of the vote.
   • 1975, Wisconsin Legislative Reference Bureau, Informational Bulletin

     In some cases, a referendum on the proposed bond issue must be held.

   • 2019, Nalini Mohabir, Renaming the Cook Islands would be a vital step towards true independence in the Guardian.

     Although the Cook Islands held a referendum in 1994, when voters rejected a name change, the yearning for a decolonised identity has not disappeared.

2. An action, choice, etc., which is perceived as passing judgment on another matter.

   My father is taking my decision on whether to go to university as a referendum on his performance as a parent, and it's very stressful.

Translations

See also

• plebiscite

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Latin referendum.

Noun

referendum

1. referendum (in sense: a direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment).

Declension

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajins?ko-kryms?kotatars?kyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]?^[1], Simferopol: Dolya, ?ISBN

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?r?f?r?ndum]

Noun

referendum n

1. referendum (direct popular vote)

Related terms

• See oferta

Further reading

• referendum in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• referendum in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

From Latin referendum, the neuter gerundive of referre (“to refer”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?f?r?nd?m/, [??f???and??m]

Noun

referendum n (singular definite referendummet, plural indefinite referendummer or referenda)

1. referendum (direct popular vote on a proposed law)

Inflection

Synonyms

• folkeafstemning

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

referendum n (plural referenda or referendums, diminutive referendumpje n)

1. referendum

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?e.fe.???.d?m/, /?e.fe.???.d?m/

Noun

referendum m (plural referendums or referenda)

1. Alternative spelling of référendum

Italian

Noun

referendum m (invariable)

1. referendum

Derived terms

• referendario

Ladin

Noun

referendum m (plural referendums)

1. referendum

Latin

Participle

referendum

1. nominative neuter singular of referendus
2. accusative masculine singular of referendus
3. accusative neuter singular of referendus
4. vocative neuter singular of referendus

Maltese

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin referendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?.f??r?n.dum/

Noun

referendum m (plural referenda or referendumijiet)

1. referendum

Related terms

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin referendum

Noun

referendum n (definite singular referendumet, indefinite plural referenda or referendumer, definite plural referendaene or referenduma or referendumene)

1. a referendum

Synonyms

• folkeavstemning

References

• “referendum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “referendum” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin referendum

Noun

referendum n (definite singular referendumet, indefinite plural referendum, definite plural referenduma)

1. a referendum

Synonyms

• folkerøysting

References

• “referendum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

From Latin referre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /r?.f??r?n.dum/

Noun

referendum n

1. (politics) referendum

   Synonym: plebiscyt

Declension

Derived terms

• (adjectives) referendalny, referendowy

Further reading

• referendum in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin referendum, French référendum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re.fe?ren.dum/

Noun

referendum n (plural referendumuri)

1. referendum

Declension

Synonyms

• plebiscit

Related terms

• referendar

References

• referendum in DEX online - Dic?ionare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /refer?ndum/
• Hyphenation: re?fe?ren?dum

Noun

referèndum m (Cyrillic spelling ??????????)

1. referendum

Declension

Swedish

Noun

referendum

1. referendum (direct popular vote)

   Synonym: folkomröstning

Further reading

• referendum in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English pol, polle ("scalp, pate"), probably from or else cognate with Middle Dutch pol, p?le, polle (“top, summit; head”), from Proto-Germanic *pullaz (“round object, head, top”), from Proto-Indo-European *bolno-, *b?wl- (“orb, round object, bubble”), from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“to blow, swell”).

Akin to Scots pow (“head, crown, skalp, skull”), Saterland Frisian pol (“round, full, brimming”), Low German polle (“head, tree-top, bulb”), Danish puld (“crown of a hat”), Swedish dialectal pull (“head”). Meaning "collection of votes" is first recorded 1625, from notion of "counting heads".

Alternative forms

• pol, pole

Pronunciation

• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /p?l/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /p??l/, /p??l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /po?l/
• Homophones: pole, Pole

Noun

poll (plural polls)

1. A survey of people, usually statistically analyzed to gauge wider public opinion.

   Synonyms: election, survey

2. A formal election.

   • All soldiers quartered in place are to remove […] and not to return till one day after the poll is ended.

3. A polling place (usually as plural, polling places)

4. The result of the voting, the total number of votes recorded.
6. (now rare outside veterinary contexts) The head, particularly the scalp or pate upon which hair (normally) grows.

   Synonym: scalp

   • 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island

     […] the doctor, as if to hear better, had taken off his powdered wig, and sat there, looking very strange indeed with his own close-cropped black poll.

   • 1908, O. Henry, A Tempered Wind

     And you might perceive the president and general manager, Mr. R. G. Atterbury, with his priceless polished poll, busy in the main office room dictating letters..

7. (in extended senses of the above) A mass of people, a mob or muster, considered as a head count.
8. The broad or butt end of an axe or a hammer.
9. The pollard or European chub, a kind of fish.

Derived terms

• go to the polls
• opinion poll
• polling
• straw poll
• deed poll

Related terms

• pollard
• polliwog
• tadpole

Translations

Verb

poll (third-person singular simple present polls, present participle polling, simple past and past participle polled)

1. (transitive) To take, record the votes of (an electorate).
2. (transitive) To solicit mock votes from (a person or group).
3. (intransitive) To vote at an election.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Beaconsfield to this entry?)

4. To register or deposit, as a vote; to elicit or call forth, as votes or voters.

   He polled a hundred votes more than his opponent.

   • 1717, Thomas Tickell, An Epistle from a Lady in England to a Gentleman at Avignon

     poll for points of faith his trusty vote

5. To cut off; to remove by clipping, shearing, etc.; to mow or crop.

   to poll the hair; to poll wool; to poll grass
6. (transitive) To cut the hair of (a creature).

   • when he [Absalom] polled his head

   • 1579-1603, Thomas North, Plutarch's Lives

     His death did so grieve them that they polled themselves; they clipped off their horse and mule's hairs.

7. (transitive) To remove the horns of (an animal).
8. To remove the top or end of; to clip; to lop.

   to poll a tree

9. (transitive, computing, communication) To (repeatedly) request the status of something (such as a computer or printer on a network).

   The network hub polled the department's computers to determine which ones could still respond.

10. (intransitive, with adverb) To be judged in a poll.
    • 2008, Joanne McEvoy, The politics of Northern Ireland (page 171)

      The election was a resounding defeat for Robert McCartney who polled badly in the six constituencies he contested and even lost his own Assembly seat in North Down.

11. (obsolete) To extort from; to plunder; to strip.
12. To impose a tax upon.
13. To pay as one's personal tax.

    • the man that polled but twelve pence for his head

14. To enter, as polls or persons, in a list or register; to enroll, especially for purposes of taxation; to enumerate one by one.
15. (law) To cut or shave smooth or even; to cut in a straight line without indentation.

    a polled deed

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)

Translations

Adjective

poll

1. (of kinds of livestock which typically have horns) Bred without horns, and thus hornless.

   Poll Hereford

   Red Poll cows

   • 1757, The monthly review, or, literary journal, volume 17, page 416:

     Sheep, that is, the Horned sort, and those without Horns, called Poll Sheep [...]

   • 1960, Frank O'Loghlen, Frank H. Johnston, Cattle country: an illustrated survey of the Australian beef cattle industry, a complete directory of the studs, page 85:

     About 15000 cattle, comprising 10000 Hereford and Poll Hereford, 4000 Aberdeen Angus and 1000 Shorthorn and Poll Shorthorn, are grazed [...]

   • 1970, The Pastoral review, volume 80, page 457:

     Otherwise, both horned and poll sheep continue to be bred from an inner stud.

References

Etymology 2

Perhaps a shortening of Polly, a common name for pet parrots.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /p?l/

Noun

poll (plural polls)

1. A pet parrot.

Etymology 3

From Ancient Greek ?????? (polloí, “the many, the masses”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?l/

Noun

poll (plural polls)

1. (Britain, dated, Cambridge University) One who does not try for honors at university, but is content to take a degree merely; a passman.

See also

• gentleman's C

References

• Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary, Springfield, Massachusetts, G.&C. Merriam Co., 1967

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?po?/

Etymology 1

From Old Occitan, from Latin pullus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *polH- (“animal young”).

Noun

poll m (plural polls)

1. chicken (bird)

Derived terms

• polla
• pollam
• pollet
• pollís

Related terms

• pollastre

Etymology 2

From Old Occitan, from Late Latin peduclus < peduculus, variant of Latin p?d?culus, from p?dis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pesd-.

Noun

poll m (plural polls)

1. louse (insect)

Derived terms

• pollós

See also

• llémena

Further reading

• “poll” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Dutch

Pronunciation

Verb

poll

1. first-person singular present indicative of pollen
2. imperative of pollen

German

Verb

poll

1. singular imperative of pollen
2. (colloquial) first-person singular present of pollen

Icelandic

Noun

poll

1. indefinite accusative singular of pollur

Irish

Etymology

From Middle Irish poll (“hole”), from Old English p?l (compare English pool).

Pronunciation

• (Galway) IPA^(key): /p??ul??/

Noun

poll m (genitive singular poill, nominative plural poill)

1. hole
   1. storage pit; disposal pit; extraction pit
   2. pool, puddle; pond, sea
   3. burrow, lair
   4. dark, mean place (of prison)
   5. shaft, vent hole
   6. aperture
   7. (anatomy) orifice, cavity
   8. perforation
   9. (figuratively) leak
   10. pothole

Declension

Synonyms

• (pothole): linntreog

Derived terms

Verb

poll (present analytic pollann, future analytic pollfaidh, verbal noun polladh, past participle pollta)

1. (transitive, intransitive) hole; puncture, pierce, bore, perforate (make a hole in)

Conjugation

Derived terms

• polltóir (“perforator”)
• uchtbhalla pollta (“machicolation”)

Mutation

References

Further reading

• "poll" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “poll”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Middle English

Noun

poll

1. A head, particularly the scalp or pate upon which the hair (normally) grows

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse pollr.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?l?/

Noun

poll m (definite singular pollen, indefinite plural pollar, definite plural pollane)

1. a small branch of a fjord, often with a narrow inlet

Further reading

• “poll” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Old English p?l (“pool”). Or, from Late Latin *padulus, metathesis of paludis, palus (“marsh, swamp, bog”). See also Welsh pwll (“pool swamp”), Irish poll, Middle Breton poull.

Noun

poll m (genitive singular puill, plural puill)

1. mud, mire
2. pond, pool, bog

Derived terms

• poll-caca

Mutation

References