different between reckon vs presume

English

Alternative forms

• reckin (dialectal)
• recken (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English rekenen, from Old English recenian (“to pay; arrange, dispose, reckon”) and ?erecenian (“to explain, recount, relate”); both from Proto-Germanic *rekan?n? (“to count, explain”), from Proto-Germanic *rekanaz (“swift, ready, prompt”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to make straight or right”).

Cognate with Scots rekkin (“to ennumerate, mention, narrate, rehearse, count, calculate, compute”), Saterland Frisian reekenje (“to calculate, figure, reckon”), West Frisian rekkenje (“to account, tally, calculate, figure”), Dutch rekenen (“to count, calculate, reckon”), German Low German reken (“to reckon”), German rechnen (“to count, reckon, calculate”), Swedish räkna (“to count, calculate, reckon”), Icelandic reikna (“to calculate”), Latin rectus (“straight, right”). See also reck, reach.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???k?n/
• Rhymes: -?k?n

Verb

reckon (third-person singular simple present reckons, present participle reckoning, simple past and past participle reckoned)

1. To count; to enumerate; to number; also, to compute; to calculate.
   • I reckoned above two hundred and fifty on the outside of the church.
2. To count as in a number, rank, or series; to estimate by rank or quality; to place by estimation; to account; to esteem; to repute.
   • 1671, John Milton, Samson Agonistes

     For him I reckon not in high estate Whom long descent of birth, Or the sphere of fortune, raises

3. To charge, attribute, or adjudge to one, as having a certain quality or value.
   • 1611, King James Version, Romans 4:9

     […] faith was reckoned to Abraham for righteousness.

   • Without her eccentricities being reckoned to her for a crime.

4. (colloquial) To conclude, as by an enumeration and balancing of chances; hence, to think; to suppose; -- followed by an objective clause

   I reckon he won't try that again.

   • 1611, King James Version, Romans 8:18

     For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us.

   • 1611, King James Version, Romans 6:11

     Likewise reckon ye also yourselves to be dead indeed unto sin.
5. To reckon with something or somebody or not, i.e to reckon without something or somebody: to take into account, deal with, consider or not, i.e. to misjudge, ignore, not take into account, not deal with, not consider or fail to consider; e.g. reckon without one's host
6. (intransitive) To make an enumeration or computation; to engage in numbering or computing.
7. To come to an accounting; to draw up or settle accounts; to examine and strike the balance of debt and credit; to adjust relations of desert or penalty.

   • Parfay," sayst thou, sometime he reken shall."

Synonyms

• number
• enumerate
• compute
• calculate
• estimate
• value
• esteem
• account
• repute

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• calculate
• guess

References

• reckon in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• conker, rocken

English

Alternative forms

• præsume (archaic)

Etymology

From Anglo-Norman presumer, Middle French presumer, and their source, Latin praes?mere (“to take beforehand, anticipate”), from prae- + s?mere (“to take”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /p???zju?m/
• (US) IPA^(key): /p?i?z(j)um/, /p???z(j)um/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /p???zju?m/, /p????u?m/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /p???zj??m/, /p??????m/

Verb

presume (third-person singular simple present presumes, present participle presuming, simple past and past participle presumed)

1. (transitive) With infinitive object: to be so presumptuous as (to do something) without proper authority or permission. [from 14th c.]

   I wouldn't presume to tell him how to do his job.

2. (transitive, now rare) To perform, do (something) without authority; to lay claim to without permission. [from 14th c.]

   Don't make the decision yourself and presume too much.

3. (transitive) To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose. [from 14th c.]

   Paw-prints in the snow presume a visit from next door's cat.

   Dr. Livingstone, I presume?

   • 2011, John Patterson, The Guardian, 5 Feb 2011:

     If we presume that human cloning may one day become a mundane, everyday reality, then maybe it's time to start thinking more positively about our soon-to-arrive genetically engineered pseudo-siblings.

4. (intransitive) To be presumptuous; with on, upon, to take advantage (of), to take liberties (with). [from 15th c.]
   • 1609, William Shakespeare, Sonnet 22;

     Presume not on thy heart when mine is slain;

     Thou gavest me thine, not to give back again.

   • 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom, Abacus 2010, p. 75:

     Piliso then vented his anger on us, accusing us of lying to him. He said we had presumed on his hospitality and the good name of the regent.

Synonyms

• (to assume to be true): see Thesaurus:suppose

Related terms

• presumption
• presumptive
• presumptuous

Translations

Anagrams

• Supreme, eusperm, supreme, suprême

Italian

Verb

presume

1. third-person singular indicative present of presumere

Anagrams

• supreme

Portuguese

Verb

presume

1. inflection of presumir:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Spanish

Verb

presume

1. Informal second-person singular (tú) affirmative imperative form of presumir.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of presumir.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present indicative form of presumir.