different between reason vs stimulus
reason
English
Etymology
From Middle English resoun, reson, from Anglo-Norman raisun (Old French raison), from Latin rati?, from ratus, past participle of reor (“reckon”). Doublet of ration and ratio.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /??i?z?n/
- Rhymes: -i?z?n
- Hyphenation: rea?son
Noun
reason (countable and uncountable, plural reasons)
- A cause:
- That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.
- 1996, Daniel Clement Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, page 198:
- There is a reason why so many should be symmetrical: The selective advantage in a symmetrical complex is enjoyed by all the subunits […]
- 1996, Daniel Clement Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, page 198:
- A motive for an action or a determination.
- 1806, Anonymous, Select Notes to Book XXI, in, Alexander Pope, translator, The Odyssey of Homer, volume 6 (London, F.J. du Roveray), page 37:
- This is the reason why he proposes to offer a libation, to atone for the abuse of the day by their diversions.
- 1881, Henry James, The Portrait of a Lady, chapter 10:
- Ralph Touchett, for reasons best known to himself, had seen fit to say that Gilbert Osmond was not a good fellow […]
- 1806, Anonymous, Select Notes to Book XXI, in, Alexander Pope, translator, The Odyssey of Homer, volume 6 (London, F.J. du Roveray), page 37:
- An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.
- 1966, Graham Greene, The Comedians (Penguin Classics edition, ?ISBN, page 14:
- I have forgotten the reason he gave for not travelling by air. I felt sure that it was not the correct reason, and that he suffered from a heart trouble which he kept to himself.
- 1966, Graham Greene, The Comedians (Penguin Classics edition, ?ISBN, page 14:
- (logic) A premise placed after its conclusion.
- That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.
- (uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.
- 1970, Hannah Arendt, On Violence ?ISBN, page 62:
- And the specific distinction between man and beast is now, strictly speaking, no longer reason (the lumen naturale of the human animal) but science […]
- 1970, Hannah Arendt, On Violence ?ISBN, page 62:
- (obsolete) Something reasonable, in accordance with thought; justice.
- 16th century Edmund Spenser, Lines on his Promised Pension
- I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my rhyme.
- 16th century Edmund Spenser, Lines on his Promised Pension
- (mathematics, obsolete) Ratio; proportion.
- a. 1677, Isaac Barrow, The Usefulness of Mathematical Learning Explained and Demonstrated
- Geometrical Reasons
- a. 1677, Isaac Barrow, The Usefulness of Mathematical Learning Explained and Demonstrated
Synonyms
- (that which causes): cause
- (motive for an action): rationale, motive
- (thought offered in support): excuse
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
reason (third-person singular simple present reasons, present participle reasoning, simple past and past participle reasoned)
- (intransitive) To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational
- 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Speckled Band
- "I had," said he, "come to an entirely erroneous conclusion which shows, my dear Watson, how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data. […] "
- 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Speckled Band
- (intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue.
- (intransitive, obsolete) To converse; to compare opinions.
- (transitive, intransitive) To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss.
- I reasoned the matter with my friend.
- 1901, Ralph Connor, The Man from Glengarry Chapter 9
- The talk was mainly between Aleck and Murdie, the others crowding eagerly about and putting in a word as they could. Murdie was reasoning good-humoredly, Aleck replying fiercely.
- (transitive, rare) To support with reasons, as a request.
- (transitive) To persuade by reasoning or argument.
- to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan
- 1816, Jane Austen, Emma Volume 2/Chapter 10
- That she was not immediately ready, Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; she had not yet possessed the instrument long enough to touch it without emotion; she must reason herself into the power of performance; and Emma could not but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, and could not but resolve never to expose them to her neighbour again.
- (transitive, with down) To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons.
- to reason down a passion
- (transitive, usually with out) To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument.
- to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon
Derived terms
Translations
Further reading
- reason at OneLook Dictionary Search
- reason in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- reason in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- Roanes, Serano, arseno-, senora, señora
reason From the web:
- what reasons can unemployment be denied
- what reasons would unemployment be denied
stimulus
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin stimulus (“goad, prick”)
Pronunciation
- (US) IPA(key): /?st?m.j?.l?s/
Noun
stimulus (plural stimuluses or stimuli)
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) Any external phenomenon that has an influence on a system, by triggering or modifying an internal phenomenon.
- an economic stimulus
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) (physiology) Something external that elicits or influences a physiological or psychological activity or response.
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) (psychology) Anything effectively impinging upon any of the sensory apparatuses of a living organism, including physical phenomena both internal and external to the body.
- (Can we clean up(+) this sense?) Anything that induces a person to take action.
Synonyms
- (anything that may have an impact or influence): influence
- (anything that induces a person to take action): impetus, impulse, spur
Translations
Esperanto
Verb
stimulus
- conditional of stimuli
French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin stimulus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sti.my.lys/
Noun
stimulus m (plural stimulus or stimuli)
- stimulus
Further reading
- “stimulus” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *(s)teyg- (“to pierce, prick, be sharp”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ????? (stíz?, “I mark”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /?sti.mu.lus/, [?s?t??m????s?]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /?sti.mu.lus/, [?st?i?mulus]
Noun
stimulus m (genitive stimul?); second declension
- a goad, prick
- a sting
- (figuratively) stimulus, incentive
Declension
Second-declension noun.
Related terms
- stimul?ti?
- stimul?
Descendants
References
- stimulus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- stimulus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- stimulus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- stimulus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- stimulus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Probably from Latin
Noun
stimulus m (definite singular stimulusen, indefinite plural stimuli, definite plural stimuliene)
- a stimulus
Related terms
- stimulere
References
- “stimulus” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Probably from Latin
Noun
stimulus m (definite singular stimulusen, indefinite plural stimuli or stimulusar, definite plural stimuliane or stimulusane)
- a stimulus
References
- “stimulus” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
stimulus From the web:
- what stimulus initiates the defecation reflex
- what stimulus check
- what stimulus bill passed
- what stimulus package
- what stimulus package passed today
- what stimulus causes the release of renin
- what stimulus mean
- what stimulus package is next
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