different between reason vs basis

English

Etymology

From Middle English resoun, reson, from Anglo-Norman raisun (Old French raison), from Latin rati?, from ratus, past participle of reor (“reckon”). Doublet of ration and ratio.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??i?z?n/
• Rhymes: -i?z?n
• Hyphenation: rea?son

Noun

reason (countable and uncountable, plural reasons)

1. A cause:
   1. That which causes something: an efficient cause, a proximate cause.
      • 1996, Daniel Clement Dennett, Darwin’s Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life, page 198:

        There is a reason why so many should be symmetrical: The selective advantage in a symmetrical complex is enjoyed by all the subunits […]

   2. A motive for an action or a determination.
      • 1806, Anonymous, Select Notes to Book XXI, in, Alexander Pope, translator, The Odyssey of Homer, volume 6 (London, F.J. du Roveray), page 37:

        This is the reason why he proposes to offer a libation, to atone for the abuse of the day by their diversions.

      • 1881, Henry James, The Portrait of a Lady, chapter 10:

        Ralph Touchett, for reasons best known to himself, had seen fit to say that Gilbert Osmond was not a good fellow […]

   3. An excuse: a thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation.
      • 1966, Graham Greene, The Comedians (Penguin Classics edition, ?ISBN, page 14:

        I have forgotten the reason he gave for not travelling by air. I felt sure that it was not the correct reason, and that he suffered from a heart trouble which he kept to himself.

   4. (logic) A premise placed after its conclusion.
2. (uncountable) Rational thinking (or the capacity for it); the cognitive faculties, collectively, of conception, judgment, deduction and intuition.
   • 1970, Hannah Arendt, On Violence ?ISBN, page 62:

     And the specific distinction between man and beast is now, strictly speaking, no longer reason (the lumen naturale of the human animal) but science […]
3. (obsolete) Something reasonable, in accordance with thought; justice.
   • 16th century Edmund Spenser, Lines on his Promised Pension

     I was promised, on a time, To have reason for my rhyme.

4. (mathematics, obsolete) Ratio; proportion.
   • a. 1677, Isaac Barrow, The Usefulness of Mathematical Learning Explained and Demonstrated

     Geometrical Reasons

Synonyms

• (that which causes): cause
• (motive for an action): rationale, motive
• (thought offered in support): excuse

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

reason (third-person singular simple present reasons, present participle reasoning, simple past and past participle reasoned)

1. (intransitive) To deduce or come to a conclusion by being rational
   • 1892, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Adventure of the Speckled Band

     "I had," said he, "come to an entirely erroneous conclusion which shows, my dear Watson, how dangerous it always is to reason from insufficient data. […] "

2. (intransitive) To perform a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to argue.
3. (intransitive, obsolete) To converse; to compare opinions.
4. (transitive, intransitive) To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss.

   I reasoned the matter with my friend.

   • 1901, Ralph Connor, The Man from Glengarry Chapter 9

     The talk was mainly between Aleck and Murdie, the others crowding eagerly about and putting in a word as they could. Murdie was reasoning good-humoredly, Aleck replying fiercely.

5. (transitive, rare) To support with reasons, as a request.
6. (transitive) To persuade by reasoning or argument.

   to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan

   • 1816, Jane Austen, Emma Volume 2/Chapter 10

     That she was not immediately ready, Emma did suspect to arise from the state of her nerves; she had not yet possessed the instrument long enough to touch it without emotion; she must reason herself into the power of performance; and Emma could not but pity such feelings, whatever their origin, and could not but resolve never to expose them to her neighbour again.

7. (transitive, with down) To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons.

   to reason down a passion

8. (transitive, usually with out) To find by logical process; to explain or justify by reason or argument.

   to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon

Derived terms

Translations

Further reading

• reason at OneLook Dictionary Search
• reason in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• reason in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• Roanes, Serano, arseno-, senora, señora

English

Etymology

From Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis), from Proto-Indo-European *g?émtis, derived from Proto-Indo-European *g?em- (English come). Doublet of base.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) enPR: b??s?s, IPA^(key): /?be?s?s/,
• Rhymes: -e?s?s

Noun

basis (plural bases or (rare) baseis or (nonstandard) basises)

1. A physical base or foundation.
   • 1695, William Congreve, To the King, on the taking of Namur, 1810, Samuel Johnson, Alexander Chalmers (biographies), The Works of the English Poets from Chaucer to Cowper, Volume 10, page 271,

     Beholding rocks from their firm basis rent;
     Mountain on mountain thrown,
     With threatening hurl, that shook th' aerial firmament!

2. A starting point, base or foundation for an argument or hypothesis.
   • 2019, VOA Learning English (public domain)

     I wonder if the South Korean side has any basis that its smog is from China.

3. An underlying condition or circumstance.
   • 2013, Daniel Taylor, Danny Welbeck leads England's rout of Moldova but hit by Ukraine ban (in The Guardian, 6 September 2013)[1]

     Hodgson may now have to bring in James Milner on the left and, on that basis, a certain amount of gloss was taken off a night on which Welbeck scored twice but barely celebrated either before leaving the pitch angrily complaining to the Slovakian referee.

4. A regular frequency.

   You should brush your teeth on a daily basis at minimum.

   The flights to Fiji leave on a weekly basis.

   Cars must be checked on a yearly basis.

5. (agriculture, trading) The difference between the cash price a dealer pays to a farmer for his produce and an agreed reference price, which is usually the futures price at which the given crop is trading at a commodity exchange.

6. (linear algebra) In a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.
7. (accounting) Amount paid for an investment, including commissions and other expenses.
8. (topology) A collection of subsets ("basis elements") of a set, such that this collection covers the set, and for any two basis elements which both contain an element of the set, there is a third basis element contained in the intersection of the first two, which also contains that element.

Synonyms

• (starting point for discussion): base

Derived terms

Translations

References

Anagrams

• absis, bassi, isbas

Catalan

Verb

basis

1. second-person singular present subjunctive form of basar

Danish

Noun

basis

1. (linear algebra) basis

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis). Doublet of base. Also a distant doublet of komst, via Proto-Indo-European *g???tis.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ba?.z?s/, /?ba?.z?s/
• Hyphenation: ba?sis

Noun

basis f (plural basissen or bases, diminutive basisje n)

1. basis (principle, foundation, that which is elementary)
2. base (lower portion, foundation)
3. Obsolete form of base (“base, alkali”).

Derived terms

• basisarts
• basisbeurs
• basisdemocratie
• basisinkomen
• basisonderwijs
• basisschool
• machtsbasis
• thuisbasis

Related terms

• basaal
• base

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: basis

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?b?sis/, [?b?s?is?]
• Rhymes: -?sis
• Syllabification: ba?sis

Noun

basis

1. basis, base

Declension

Anagrams

• bassi

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch basis, from Latin basis, from Ancient Greek ????? (básis). Doublet of basa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?bas?s]
• Hyphenation: ba?sis

Noun

basis

1. basis, base
2. basis,
   1. (mathematics) in a vector space, a linearly independent set of vectors spanning the whole vector space.
3. base,
   1. (geometry) the lowest side of a in a triangle or other polygon, or the lowest face of a cone, pyramid or other polyhedron laid flat.
   2. (military) permanent structure for housing military; headquarter.

Derived terms

Further reading

• “basis” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (básis, “foundation, base”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ba.sis/, [?bäs??s?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ba.sis/, [?b??s?is]

Noun

basis f (genitive basis); third declension

1. A pedestal, foot, base; basis, foundation.
2. (architecture) The lowest part of the shaft of a column.
3. (grammar) The primitive word, root.
4. (of cattle) A track, footprint.

Declension

Note that there are the alternative forms base?s for the genitive singular, base? for the ablative singular, basin for accusative singular, and baseis for the accusative plural.Third-declension noun (i-stem, accusative singular in -im, ablative singular in -?).

Synonyms

• (basis, foundation): r?d?x
• (pedestal, base): crep?d?
• (track, footprint): vest?gium

Derived terms

• basella
• basicula
• basil?ris

Related terms

• antibasis

Descendants

• English: base, basis
• French: base
• German: Basis f
• Italian: base
• Russian: ????? f (báza), ?????? m (bázis)
• Spanish: base
• Swedish: bas

References

• basis in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• basis in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• basis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (básis)

Noun

basis m (definite singular basisen, indefinite plural basiser, definite plural basisene)

1. basis
2. base

Derived terms

• basisår
• verdensbasis

References

• “basis” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ????? (básis)

Noun

basis m (definite singular basisen, indefinite plural basisar, definite plural basisane)

1. basis
2. base

Derived terms

• basisår

References

• “basis” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.