different between read vs vicarious

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English reden, from Old English r?dan (“to counsel, advise, consult; interpret, read”), from Proto-Germanic *r?dan? (“advise, counsel”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hreh?d?- (“to arrange”). Cognate with Scots rede, red (“to advise, counsel, decipher, read”), Saterland Frisian räide (“to advise, counsel”), West Frisian riede (“to advise, counsel”), Dutch raden (“to advise; guess, counsel, rede”), German raten (“to advise; guess”), Danish råde (“to advise”), Swedish råda (“to advise, counsel”). The development from ‘advise, interpret’ to ‘interpret letters, read’ is unique to English among Germanic languages. Compare rede.

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?id/
• enPR: r?d, IPA^(key): /?i?d/
• Rhymes: -i?d
• Homophones: reed, rede

Verb

read (third-person singular simple present reads, present participle reading, simple past read, past participle read or (archaic, dialectal) readen)

1. (transitive or intransitive) To look at and interpret letters or other information that is written.
   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

   Synonyms: interpret, make out, make sense of, understand, scan

2. (transitive or intransitive) To speak aloud words or other information that is written. Often construed with a to phrase or an indirect object.

   Synonym: read aloud, read out, read out loud, speak

3. (transitive) To read work(s) written by (a named author).

4. (transitive) To interpret, or infer a meaning, significance, thought, intention, etc. from.

5. To consist of certain text.

6. (ergative) Of text, etc., to be interpreted or read in a particular way.

7. (transitive) To substitute (a corrected piece of text in place of an erroneous one); used to introduce an emendation of a text.
   • 1832, John Lemprière et al., Bibliotheca classica, Seventh Edition, W. E. Dean, page 263:

     In Livy, it is nearly certain that for Pylleon we should read Pteleon, as this place is mentioned in connection with Antron.

8. (informal, usually ironic) Used after a euphemism to introduce the intended, more blunt meaning of a term.
   • 2009, Suzee Vlk et al., The GRE Test for Dummies, Sixth Edition, Wiley Publishing, ?ISBN, page 191:

     Eliminate illogical (read: stupid) answer choices.

9. (transitive, telecommunications) To be able to hear what another person is saying over a radio connection.

   Synonyms: copy, hear, receive
10. (transitive, rail transport) To observe and comprehend (a displayed signal)

11. (transitive, Commonwealth of Nations, except Scotland) To make a special study of, as by perusing textbooks.

    Synonyms: learn, study
12. (computing, transitive) To fetch data from (a storage medium, etc.).

13. (obsolete) To think, believe; to consider (that).
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.i:

      But now, faire Ladie, comfort to you make, / And read […] / That short reuenge the man may ouertake […]

14. (obsolete) To advise; to counsel. See rede.
    • 1528, William Tyndale, The Obedience of a Christen man

      Therfore, I read thee, get to Gods word, and thereby trye all doctrine […]

    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, London: William Ponsonbie, Book 1, Canto 1, p. 6,^[2]

      This is the wandring wood, this Errours den,

      A monster vile, whom God and man does hate:

      Therefore I read beware.

15. (obsolete) To tell; to declare; to recite.
    • 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.iv:

      But read how art thou named, and of what kin.

16. (transitive) To recognise (someone) as being transgender.

    Synonym: clock

    Antonym: pass

17. (at first especially in the black LGBT community) To call attention to the flaws of (someone) in either a playful, a taunting, or an insulting way.
    • 1997, Framing Culture: Africanism, Sexuality and Performance, page 186 (also discussing Paris is Burning):

      Snapping, we are told, comes from reading, or exposing hidden flaws in a person's life, and out of reading comes shade […]

    • 2013, Queer Looks, page 114 (discussing Paris is Burning and "the ball world"):

      [One] assumes that such language contests are racially motivated—black folks talking back to white folks. However, the ball world makes it clear that blacks can read each other too.

Conjugation

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

read (plural reads)

1. A reading or an act of reading, especially of an actor's part of a play or a piece of stored data.
   • 1879, Frederick James Furnivall, letter to the editor of "The Spectator"

     One newswoman here lets magazines for a penny a read.

   • 1958, Philip Larkin, Self's the Man

     And when he finishes supper / Planning to have a read at the evening paper / It's Put a screw in this wall— / He has no time at all […]

   • 2006, MySQL administrator's guide and language reference (page 393)

     In other words, the system can do 1200 reads per second with no writes, the average write is twice as slow as the average read, and the relationship is linear.

2. (in combination) Something to be read; a written work.

   His thrillers are always a gripping read.

3. A person's interpretation or impression of something.

   What's your read of the current political situation?

4. (at first especially in the black LGBT community) An instance of reading (“calling attention to someone's flaws; a taunt or insult”).
   • 1997, Framing Culture: Africanism, Sexuality and Performance, page 186 (also discussing Paris is Burning):

     [As] Corey points out, "if you and I are both black queens then we can't call each other black queens because that's not a read. That's a [fact]."
5. (biochemistry) The identification of a specific sequence of genes in a genome or bases in a nucleic acid string

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English redde (simple past), red, rad (past participle), from Old English r?dde (simple past), (?e)r?ded (past participle), conjugations of r?dan (“to read”); see above.

Pronunciation

• enPR: r?d, IPA^(key): /??d/
• Rhymes: -?d
• Homophones: red, redd

Verb

read

1. inflection of read:
   1. simple past tense
   2. past participle

See also

Pages starting with “read”.

Anagrams

• 'eard, DARE, Dare, Dear, Rade, Reda, ared, dare, dear, rade

Estonian

Noun

read

1. nominative plural of rida

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h?rowd?ós < *h?rewd?-.

Germanic cognates: Old Frisian r?d (West Frisian read), Old Saxon r?d (Low German root, rod), Dutch rood, Old High German r?t (German rot), Old Norse rauðr (Danish rød, Swedish röd, Icelandic rauður), Gothic ???????????????????? (rauþs).

Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ??????? (eruthrós), Latin ruber, Old Irish rúad, Lithuanian ra?das, Russian ?????? (rudój).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ræ???d/

Adjective

r?ad

1. red

Declension

Derived terms

• r?adnes

Descendants

• Middle English: read, rede, red
  • English: red
  • Scots: rede, reid
  • Yola: reed

Swedish

Verb

read

1. past participle of rea.

Anagrams

• edra, reda

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian r?d

Adjective

read

1. red

Inflection

Derived terms

• reahart

Further reading

• “read”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vic?rius (“vicarious, substituted”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /v??k???i.?s/
• (US) IPA^(key): /va??k?(?)?i.?s/, /v??k?(?)?i.?s/
• Rhymes: -??ri?s

Adjective

vicarious (not comparable)

1. Delegated.
2. Experienced or gained by taking in another person’s experience, rather than through first-hand experience, such as through watching or reading.
3. On behalf of others.

Derived terms

Related terms

• vicar
• vicariously

Translations

References

• vicarious in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.