different between rationalism vs mythicism

English

Etymology

rational +? -ism

Pronunciation

Noun

rationalism (countable and uncountable, plural rationalisms)

1. (philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.
2. (philosophy) The theory that knowledge may be derived by deductions from a priori concepts (such as axioms, postulates or earlier deductions).
3. A view that the fundamental method for problem solving is through reason and experience rather than faith, inspiration, revelation, intuition or authority.
   • 1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Lecture 3:

     The opinion opposed to mysticism in philosophy is sometimes spoken of as rationalism. Rationalism insists that all our beliefs ought ultimately to find for themselves articulate grounds. Such grounds, for rationalism, must consist of four things: (1) definitely statable abstract principles; (2) definite facts of sensation; (3) definite hypotheses based on such facts; and (4) definite inferences logically drawn.

4. Elaboration of theories by use of reason alone without appeal to experience, such as in mathematical systems.

Synonyms

• apriorism
• intellectualism

Antonyms

• sensationalism
• irrationalism
• traditionalism
• mysticism

Derived terms

• critical rationalism

Related terms

• rationalist
• rationality

Translations

See also

• empiricism

English

Etymology

From myth +? -icism. In occasional use since the 1840s.

The earliest use of the term was in Christian theology, in reference to the "Mythic Theory" of D. F. Strauss (1835). The more general sense appears from the 1870s.

Noun

mythicism (countable and uncountable, plural mythicisms)

1. (theology) the scholarly opinion that the gospels are mythological expansions of historical data
   • 1845: "Truly, if the caput mortuum of Christianity which mythicism leaves us, be all that is true of our religion, our feelings would tempt us to forgive the Evangelists who have so beautifully deceived, rather than the critics who so coldly disenchant us." (The Christian examiner, vol. 39, p. 160)
2. the habitual practice of attributing everything to mythological causes; superstition, the opposite of rationalism, or of realism
   • 1911 "The Californias were an inaccessible and mysterious Occident, invested in the imagination of most mankind with almost Babylonian mythicism." (R. G. Badger, Don Sagasto's daughter)
3. the creative potential for the creation of mythology; the faculty of mythopoeia
   • 1971 "Individual works are all potential myths, but it is their collective adoption that actualises - if such should be the case - their 'mythicism'." (Levi-Strauss)
   • 1998 "the playful animal familiars of the heroine [in Disney's Pocahontas] are real animals, because this is real mythicism, not pure imagination." (Ziauddin Sardar, Postmodernism and the other: the new imperialism of Western culture, p. 89)
4. the view that a certain figure is unhistorical or mythical, chiefly in the context of pseudo-scholarship or conspiracy theories.
   1. (in particular) the opinion that Jesus of Nazareth did not exist in any way whatsoever

Related terms

• mythicist