different between rake vs lean

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /?e?k/
• Rhymes: -e?k
• Homophone: raik

Etymology 1

From Middle English rake [and other forms], from Old English raca, racu, ræce (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?, *rekô (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”). The English word is cognate with Danish rage (chiefly regional), Middle Dutch r?ke, r?ke (modern Dutch raak, reek (both regional), riek (“pitchfork, rake”)), Middle Low German r?ke, racke (modern German Low German Raak (“rake; poker”)), Old High German rehho, rech (Middle High German reche, modern German Rechen (“rake”)), Old Norse reka (“shovel”) (modern Icelandic reka (“shovel”)), Old Saxon recho, Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“rake; (long) straight section of a road”)).

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. (agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.

   Synonym: (horse-drawn rake) horserake
2. (by extension) A similarly shaped tool used for other purposes.
   1. (gambling) A tool with a straight edge at the end used by a croupier to move chips or money across a gaming table.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

The verb is partly derived:

• from Middle English raken (“to rake; to gather by raking; to rake away (debris); to cover with something; (figurative) to conceal, hide; to destroy”) [and other forms], from Old Norse raka (“to scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
• from rake (“tool with a row of pointed teeth”): see etymology 1.

The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch r?ken (modern Dutch raken (“to rake”) (regional)), Middle Low German r?ken, Old Danish raghæ, rakæ (modern Danish rage (“to shave”)), Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“to rake; to shave”)).

The noun is derived from the verb.

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.
   1. (transitive, also figuratively) Often followed by in: to gather (things which are apart) together, especially quickly.

   2. (transitive) Often followed by an adverb or preposition such as away, off, out, etc.: to drag or pull in a certain direction.
   3. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To claw at; to scrape, to scratch; followed by away: to erase, to obliterate.
   4. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) Followed by up: to bring up or uncover (something), as embarrassing information, past misdeeds, etc.
   6. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To search through (thoroughly).

      Synonyms: comb, comb through, go over or through with a fine-tooth comb, scour
   7. (transitive, intransitive, also figuratively) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.

   8. (transitive, chiefly Ireland, Northern England, Scotland, also figuratively) To cover (something) by or as if by raking things over it.

Conjugation

Translations

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. The act of raking.
2. Something that is raked.
   1. A share of profits, takings, etc., especially if obtained illegally; specifically (gambling) the scaled commission fee taken by a cardroom operating a poker game.
   2. (chiefly Ireland, Scotland, slang) A lot, plenty.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English rake, rakke (“pass, path, track; type of fencing thrust; pasture land (?)”), and then partly:

• probably from Old English racu (“bed of a stream; path; account, narrative; explanation; argument, reasoning; reason”) (compare Old English hrace, hraca, hracu (“gorge”)), from Proto-Germanic *rak? (“path, track; course, direction; an unfolding, unwinding; account, narrative; argument, reasoning”) [and other forms], from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
• from Old Norse rák (“strip; stripe; furrow; small mountain ravine”), further etymology uncertain but probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rak?, as above.

The English word is cognate with Icelandic rák (“streak, stripe; notch in a rock; vein in stone or wood”), Norwegian råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail”), Norwegian Nynorsk råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail; furrow; stripe”), Swedish råk (“crack or channel in ice; river valley”), Westrobothnian råk (“crack or hole in ice; channel; swath, windrow; hair parting”); and probably cognate with Old Danish rag (modern Danish rag (“stiff; taut”) (regional)), Old Norse rakr (“straight”), Swedish rak (“straight”).

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. (Northern England and climbing, also figuratively) A course, a path, especially a narrow and steep path or route up a hillside.
2. (mining) A fissure or mineral vein of ore traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so.
3. (Britain, originally Northern England, Scotland) A series, a succession; specifically (rail transport) a set of coupled rail vehicles, normally coaches or wagons.

   Synonym: consist
4. (systems theory) In cellular automata: a puffer that emits a stream of spaceships rather than a trail of debris.
5. (Midlands, Northern England) Alternative spelling of raik (“a course, a way; pastureland over which animals graze; a journey to transport something between two places; a run; also, the quantity of items so transported”)

Translations

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. Alternative spelling of raik (“(intransitive, Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) to walk; to roam, to wander; of animals (especially sheep): to graze; (transitive, chiefly Scotland) to roam or wander through (somewhere)”)

Etymology 4

The verb is derived from Middle English raken (“to go, proceed; to move quickly, hasten, rush; to roam, wander”) [and other forms], from Old English racian (“to go forward, move, run; to hasten; to take a course or direction; to control, direct, govern, rule”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?n? (“to take a course or direction; to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten; to direct oneself”). The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch r?ken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German r?ken, r?ken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), Old High German rahh?n (“to narrate, speak”), and probably Swedish raka (“to rush off”).

The noun is derived from the verb.

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. (intransitive, chiefly Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) To move swiftly; to proceed rapidly.
2. (intransitive, falconry) Of a bird of prey: to fly after a quarry; also, to fly away from the falconer, to go wide of the quarry being pursued.

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. (Scotland) Rate of progress; pace, speed.

Alternative forms

• raik

Etymology 5

The origin of the verb is uncertain, but it may be related to:

• German ragen (“to rise up out of; to jut or stick out”), from Middle High German ragen (compare Middle Dutch r?gen, Middle Low German r?gen), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?er??- (“to go up, rise”); and
• possibly to Middle Dutch r?ken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German r?ken, r?ken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?n? (“to take a course or direction; to run”) (see further at etymology 4).

The noun is probably derived from the verb.

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To incline (something) from a perpendicular direction.

   Synonym: slope

2. (nautical) Senses relating to watercraft.
   1. (transitive) To provide (the bow or stern of a watercraft) with a rake (“a slant that causes it to extend beyond the keel”).
   2. (intransitive, rare) Of a watercraft: to have a rake at its bow or stern.

Translations

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. A divergence from the horizontal or perpendicular; a slant, a slope.
2. (specifically) In full, angle of rake or rake angle: the angle between the edge or face of a tool (especially a cutting tool) and a plane (usually one perpendicular to the object that the tool is being applied to).
3. (geology) The direction of slip during the movement of a fault, measured within the fault plane.
4. (nautical) Senses relating to watercraft.
   1. A slant that causes the bow or stern of a watercraft to extend beyond the keel; also, the upper part of the bow or stern that extends beyond the keel.
   2. A slant of some other part of a watercraft (such as a funnel or mast) away from the perpendicular, usually towards the stern.
5. (roofing) The sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.

Translations

Etymology 6

The noun is a clipping of rakehell (“(archaic) lewd or wanton person, debauchee, rake”), from to rake (out) hell (“to search through hell thoroughly”), in the sense of a person so evil or immoral that they cannot be found in hell even after an extensive search: see rake (“to search through (thoroughly)”).

The verb is derived from the noun.

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. A person (usually a man) who is stylish but habituated to hedonistic and immoral conduct.

   Synonym: roué

Translations

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. (intransitive, dated, rare) To behave as a rake; to lead a hedonistic and immoral life.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:harlotize

   • 1758, William Shenstone, Epilogue to Cleone

     When women hid their necks , and veil'd their faces ,
     Nor romp'd , nor raked , nor stared at public places

Notes

References

Further reading

• rake (stock character) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rake (tool) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rake (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “rake”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN

Anagrams

• KERA, Kear, Kera, aker, reak

Dutch

Pronunciation

Adjective

rake

1. Inflected form of raak

Verb

rake

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of raken

Garo

Adverb

rake

1. hard

Hausa

Etymology

Borrowed from Yoruba ireke.

Noun

ràk? m (possessed form ràken)

1. sugarcane

Norwegian Bokmål

Adjective

rake

1. definite singular/plural of rak

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

rake

1. definite singular/plural of rak

Verb

rake (present tense rakar, past tense raka, past participle raka, passive infinitive rakast, present participle rakande, imperative rak)

1. Alternative form of raka

Scots

Alternative forms

• raik, rayk

Etymology

From Middle English raken, from Old English racian (“to direct; rule; take a course or direction; run”).

Verb

rake (third-person singular present rakes, present participle rakin, past rakit, past participle rakit)

1. To proceed with speed; go; make one's way
2. To journey; travel
3. (of animals) To move across or search for pasture; wander; roam
4. To stray

Swedish

Adjective

rake

1. absolute definite natural masculine form of rak.

Anagrams

• ekar

Teop

Verb

rake

1. to want

References

• Ulrike Mosel, The Teop sketch grammar

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: l?n, IPA^(key): /li?n/
• Rhymes: -i?n
• Homophone: lien

Etymology 1

From Middle English lenen (“to lean”), from Old English hleonian, hlinian (“to lean, recline, lie down, rest”), from Proto-Germanic *hlin?n? (“to lean, incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *?ley-. Cognate via Proto-Germanic with Middle Dutch leunen (“to lean”), German lehnen (“to lean”); via Proto-Indo-European with climate, cline.

Verb

lean (third-person singular simple present leans, present participle leaning, simple past and past participle leaned or (UK) leant)

1. To incline, deviate, or bend, from a vertical position; to be in a position thus inclining or deviating.

2. (copulative) To incline in opinion or desire; to conform in conduct; often with to, toward, etc.
3. Followed by against, on, or upon: to rest or rely, for support, comfort, etc.
4. To hang outwards.
5. To press against.

Derived terms

Related terms

• climate
• cline

Translations

Noun

lean (plural leans)

1. (of an object taller than its width and depth) An inclination away from the vertical.

   The trees had various leans toward gaps in the canopy.

Synonyms

• (inclination away from vertical): tilt

Etymology 2

From Middle English lene (“lean”), from Old English hl?ne (“lean”), (cognate with Low German leen), perhaps from hl?nan (“to cause to lean (due to hunger or lack of food)”), from Proto-Germanic *hlainijan? (“to cause to lean”). If so, then related to Old English hlinian, hleonian (“to lean”).

Adjective

lean (comparative leaner, superlative leanest)

1. (of a person or animal) Slim; not fleshy.

   Synonyms: lithe, svelte, willowy; see also Thesaurus:slender

2. (of meat) Having little fat.

3. Having little extra or little to spare; scanty; meagre.

   Synonyms: insufficient, scarce, sparse; see also Thesaurus:inadequate

4. Having a low proportion or concentration of a desired substance or ingredient.

   Synonyms: deficient, dilute, poor

   Antonym: rich

5. (printing, archaic) Of a character which prevents the compositor from earning the usual wages; opposed to fat.

6. (business) Efficient, economic, frugal, agile, slimmed-down; pertaining to the modern industrial principles of "lean manufacturing"

Derived terms

• leanness
• leansome

Translations

Noun

lean (countable and uncountable, plural leans)

1. (uncountable) Meat with no fat on it.
   • 1639 or earlier, Anon, Jack Sprat

     Jack Sprat would eat no fat, / His wife would eat no lean.

2. (countable, biology) An organism that is lean in stature.
   • 1986, Southwest Fisheries Center (U.S.), Collected Reprints (issue 1)

     The intermediates and leans are the predominant morphotypes found at the SE-NHR seamounts […]

   • 2012, Obesity: New Insights for the Healthcare Professional (page 56)

     Obese Zuckers, compared to leans, consumed more food under free-feeding conditions.

Verb

lean (third-person singular simple present leans, present participle leaning, simple past and past participle leaned)

1. To thin out (a fuel-air mixture): to reduce the fuel flow into the mixture so that there is more air or oxygen.

Etymology 3

From Icelandic leyna? Akin to German leugnen (“deny”). Compare lie (“speak falsely”).

Verb

lean (third-person singular simple present leans, present participle leaning, simple past and past participle leaned)

1. To conceal.

References

Etymology 4

Probably from the verb to lean (see etymology 1 above), supposedly because consumption of the intoxicating beverage causes one to "lean".

Noun

lean (uncountable)

1. (slang, US) A recreational drug based on codeine-laced promethazine cough syrup, popular in the hip hop community in the southeastern United States.

   Synonyms: sizzurp, syrup, purple drank

See also

• lean on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• lean in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• lean in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

Anagrams

• Alne, ELAN, Lane, Lena, Nale, Neal, elan, enal, lane, nale, neal, élan

Galician

Verb

lean

1. third-person plural present subjunctive of ler

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish lenaid (“stays, sticks (to), follows”), from Proto-Celtic *linati (“stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?leyH- (“to smear”); compare Latin lin? (“anoint”), l?mus (“mud, slime”), Sanskrit ?????? (lin?ti, “sticks, stays”).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /l?an??/
• (Connacht, Ulster) IPA^(key): /l??an?/, /l??an??/

Verb

lean (present analytic leanann, future analytic leanfaidh, verbal noun leanúint, past participle leanta)

1. (transitive, intransitive) follow
2. continue

3. remain
4. endure

Conjugation

• Alternative verbal noun: leanacht (Cois Fharraige)

Derived terms

• folean
• leantóir

Further reading

• "lean" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
• Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “lenaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /?lea?n/

Verb

lean

1. inflection of leat:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. past indicative connegative

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /læ???n/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *laun?, from a suffixed form of Proto-Indo-European *leh?w- (“catch, plunder, profit”). Cognate with Old Frisian l?n, Old Saxon l?n, Dutch loon, Old High German l?n (German Lohn), Old Norse laun (Swedish lön), Gothic ???????????????? (laun). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek ???? (leía) (from *?????), Latin lucrum, Old Church Slavonic ???? (lov?) (Russian ??? (lov)), Old Irish lóg, Lithuanian lãvinti.

Noun

l?an n

1. reward

Declension

Derived terms

• i?l?an

Related terms

• l?anian

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *lahan?. Cognate with Old Saxon lahan, Old High German lahan, Old Norse lá, Gothic ???????????????????? (laian).

Verb

l?an

1. (transitive) to blame, fault, reproach

Conjugation

Descendants

• Middle English: *l?en (attested in past tense lough)

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish lenaid (“stays, sticks (to), follows”), from Proto-Celtic *linati (“stick”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?leyH- (“to smear”); compare Latin lin? (“anoint”), Sanskrit ?????? (lin?ti, “sticks, stays”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??n/

Verb

lean (past lean, future leanaidh, verbal noun leantainn or leanmhainn, past participle leanta)

1. follow
2. continue, proceed

Derived terms

• fo-leantach (“subjunctive”)
• lean air (“continue”)
• ainlean (“persecute”)

Spanish

Verb

lean

1. Second-person plural (ustedes) imperative form of leer.
2. Second-person plural (ustedes) present subjunctive form of leer.
3. Third-person plural (ellos, ellas, also used with ustedes^?) present subjunctive form of leer.

West Frisian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

lean n (plural leanen, diminutive leantsje)

1. wage, wages, salary
2. reward

Further reading

• “lean”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011