different between rake vs decline
rake
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /?e?k/
- Rhymes: -e?k
- Homophone: raik
Etymology 1
From Middle English rake [and other forms], from Old English raca, racu, ræce (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?, *rekô (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”). The English word is cognate with Danish rage (chiefly regional), Middle Dutch r?ke, r?ke (modern Dutch raak, reek (both regional), riek (“pitchfork, rake”)), Middle Low German r?ke, racke (modern German Low German Raak (“rake; poker”)), Old High German rehho, rech (Middle High German reche, modern German Rechen (“rake”)), Old Norse reka (“shovel”) (modern Icelandic reka (“shovel”)), Old Saxon recho, Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“rake; (long) straight section of a road”)).
Noun
rake (plural rakes)
- (agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.
- Synonym: (horse-drawn rake) horserake
- (by extension) A similarly shaped tool used for other purposes.
- (gambling) A tool with a straight edge at the end used by a croupier to move chips or money across a gaming table.
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 2
The verb is partly derived:
- from Middle English raken (“to rake; to gather by raking; to rake away (debris); to cover with something; (figurative) to conceal, hide; to destroy”) [and other forms], from Old Norse raka (“to scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
- from rake (“tool with a row of pointed teeth”): see etymology 1.
The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch r?ken (modern Dutch raken (“to rake”) (regional)), Middle Low German r?ken, Old Danish raghæ, rakæ (modern Danish rage (“to shave”)), Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“to rake; to shave”)).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Verb
rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)
- To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.
- (transitive, also figuratively) Often followed by in: to gather (things which are apart) together, especially quickly.
- (transitive) Often followed by an adverb or preposition such as away, off, out, etc.: to drag or pull in a certain direction.
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To claw at; to scrape, to scratch; followed by away: to erase, to obliterate.
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) Followed by up: to bring up or uncover (something), as embarrassing information, past misdeeds, etc.
- (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To search through (thoroughly).
- Synonyms: comb, comb through, go over or through with a fine-tooth comb, scour
- (transitive, intransitive, also figuratively) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.
- (transitive, chiefly Ireland, Northern England, Scotland, also figuratively) To cover (something) by or as if by raking things over it.
- (transitive, also figuratively) Often followed by in: to gather (things which are apart) together, especially quickly.
Conjugation
Translations
Noun
rake (plural rakes)
- The act of raking.
- Something that is raked.
- A share of profits, takings, etc., especially if obtained illegally; specifically (gambling) the scaled commission fee taken by a cardroom operating a poker game.
- (chiefly Ireland, Scotland, slang) A lot, plenty.
Translations
Etymology 3
From Middle English rake, rakke (“pass, path, track; type of fencing thrust; pasture land (?)”), and then partly:
- probably from Old English racu (“bed of a stream; path; account, narrative; explanation; argument, reasoning; reason”) (compare Old English hrace, hraca, hracu (“gorge”)), from Proto-Germanic *rak? (“path, track; course, direction; an unfolding, unwinding; account, narrative; argument, reasoning”) [and other forms], from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
- from Old Norse rák (“strip; stripe; furrow; small mountain ravine”), further etymology uncertain but probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rak?, as above.
The English word is cognate with Icelandic rák (“streak, stripe; notch in a rock; vein in stone or wood”), Norwegian råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail”), Norwegian Nynorsk råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail; furrow; stripe”), Swedish råk (“crack or channel in ice; river valley”), Westrobothnian råk (“crack or hole in ice; channel; swath, windrow; hair parting”); and probably cognate with Old Danish rag (modern Danish rag (“stiff; taut”) (regional)), Old Norse rakr (“straight”), Swedish rak (“straight”).
Noun
rake (plural rakes)
- (Northern England and climbing, also figuratively) A course, a path, especially a narrow and steep path or route up a hillside.
- (mining) A fissure or mineral vein of ore traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so.
- (Britain, originally Northern England, Scotland) A series, a succession; specifically (rail transport) a set of coupled rail vehicles, normally coaches or wagons.
- Synonym: consist
- (systems theory) In cellular automata: a puffer that emits a stream of spaceships rather than a trail of debris.
- (Midlands, Northern England) Alternative spelling of raik (“a course, a way; pastureland over which animals graze; a journey to transport something between two places; a run; also, the quantity of items so transported”)
Translations
Verb
rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)
- Alternative spelling of raik (“(intransitive, Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) to walk; to roam, to wander; of animals (especially sheep): to graze; (transitive, chiefly Scotland) to roam or wander through (somewhere)”)
Etymology 4
The verb is derived from Middle English raken (“to go, proceed; to move quickly, hasten, rush; to roam, wander”) [and other forms], from Old English racian (“to go forward, move, run; to hasten; to take a course or direction; to control, direct, govern, rule”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?n? (“to take a course or direction; to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten; to direct oneself”). The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch r?ken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German r?ken, r?ken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), Old High German rahh?n (“to narrate, speak”), and probably Swedish raka (“to rush off”).
The noun is derived from the verb.
Verb
rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)
- (intransitive, chiefly Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) To move swiftly; to proceed rapidly.
- (intransitive, falconry) Of a bird of prey: to fly after a quarry; also, to fly away from the falconer, to go wide of the quarry being pursued.
Noun
rake (plural rakes)
- (Scotland) Rate of progress; pace, speed.
Alternative forms
- raik
Etymology 5
The origin of the verb is uncertain, but it may be related to:
- German ragen (“to rise up out of; to jut or stick out”), from Middle High German ragen (compare Middle Dutch r?gen, Middle Low German r?gen), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?er??- (“to go up, rise”); and
- possibly to Middle Dutch r?ken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German r?ken, r?ken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?n? (“to take a course or direction; to run”) (see further at etymology 4).
The noun is probably derived from the verb.
Verb
rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)
- (transitive, intransitive) To incline (something) from a perpendicular direction.
- Synonym: slope
- (nautical) Senses relating to watercraft.
- (transitive) To provide (the bow or stern of a watercraft) with a rake (“a slant that causes it to extend beyond the keel”).
- (intransitive, rare) Of a watercraft: to have a rake at its bow or stern.
Translations
Noun
rake (plural rakes)
- A divergence from the horizontal or perpendicular; a slant, a slope.
- (specifically) In full, angle of rake or rake angle: the angle between the edge or face of a tool (especially a cutting tool) and a plane (usually one perpendicular to the object that the tool is being applied to).
- (geology) The direction of slip during the movement of a fault, measured within the fault plane.
- (nautical) Senses relating to watercraft.
- A slant that causes the bow or stern of a watercraft to extend beyond the keel; also, the upper part of the bow or stern that extends beyond the keel.
- A slant of some other part of a watercraft (such as a funnel or mast) away from the perpendicular, usually towards the stern.
- (roofing) The sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.
Translations
Etymology 6
The noun is a clipping of rakehell (“(archaic) lewd or wanton person, debauchee, rake”), from to rake (out) hell (“to search through hell thoroughly”), in the sense of a person so evil or immoral that they cannot be found in hell even after an extensive search: see rake (“to search through (thoroughly)”).
The verb is derived from the noun.
Noun
rake (plural rakes)
- A person (usually a man) who is stylish but habituated to hedonistic and immoral conduct.
- Synonym: roué
Translations
Verb
rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)
- (intransitive, dated, rare) To behave as a rake; to lead a hedonistic and immoral life.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:harlotize
- 1758, William Shenstone, Epilogue to Cleone
- When women hid their necks , and veil'd their faces ,
Nor romp'd , nor raked , nor stared at public places
- When women hid their necks , and veil'd their faces ,
Notes
References
Further reading
- rake (stock character) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- rake (tool) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- rake (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “rake”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN
Anagrams
- KERA, Kear, Kera, aker, reak
Dutch
Pronunciation
Adjective
rake
- Inflected form of raak
Verb
rake
- (archaic) singular present subjunctive of raken
Garo
Adverb
rake
- hard
Hausa
Etymology
Borrowed from Yoruba ireke.
Noun
ràk? m (possessed form ràken)
- sugarcane
Norwegian Bokmål
Adjective
rake
- definite singular/plural of rak
Norwegian Nynorsk
Adjective
rake
- definite singular/plural of rak
Verb
rake (present tense rakar, past tense raka, past participle raka, passive infinitive rakast, present participle rakande, imperative rak)
- Alternative form of raka
Scots
Alternative forms
- raik, rayk
Etymology
From Middle English raken, from Old English racian (“to direct; rule; take a course or direction; run”).
Verb
rake (third-person singular present rakes, present participle rakin, past rakit, past participle rakit)
- To proceed with speed; go; make one's way
- To journey; travel
- (of animals) To move across or search for pasture; wander; roam
- To stray
Swedish
Adjective
rake
- absolute definite natural masculine form of rak.
Anagrams
- ekar
Teop
Verb
rake
- to want
References
- Ulrike Mosel, The Teop sketch grammar
rake From the web:
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- what rakesh tikait did
- what rakes in the greens meaning
decline
English
Etymology
From Middle English declinen, from Old French decliner, from Latin declinare (“to bend, turn aside, deflect, inflect, decline”), from de (“down”) + cl?n? (“I bend, I incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *?ley- (English lean).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /d??kla?n/
- Hyphenation: de?cline
- Rhymes: -a?n
Noun
decline (countable and uncountable, plural declines)
- Downward movement, fall.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
- A sloping downward, e.g. of a hill or road.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
- A weakening.(Can we add an example for this sense?)
- A reduction or diminution of activity.
- The act of declining or refusing something.
Antonyms
- incline
Translations
Verb
decline (third-person singular simple present declines, present participle declining, simple past and past participle declined)
- (intransitive) To move downwards, to fall, to drop.
- (intransitive) To become weaker or worse.
- (transitive) To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall.
- in melancholy site, with head declined
- (transitive) To cause to decrease or diminish.
- You have declin'd his means.
- He knoweth his error, but will not seek to decline it.
- To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw.
- a line that declines from straightness
- conduct that declines from sound morals
- Yet do I not decline from thy testimonies.
- (transitive) To choose not to do something; refuse, forbear, refrain.
- 1626, Philip Massinger, The Roman Actor
- Could I decline this dreadful hour?
- 1626, Philip Massinger, The Roman Actor
- (transitive, grammar, usually of substantives, adjectives and pronouns) To inflect for case, number and sometimes gender; more specifically, to recite all the different declined forms of a noun.
- 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster (first edition)
- after the first declining of a noun and a verb
- 1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster (first edition)
- (by extension) To run through from first to last; to recite in order as though declining a noun.
- (American football, Canadian football) To reject a penalty against the opposing team, usually because the result of accepting it would benefit the non-penalized team less than the preceding play.
- The team chose to decline the fifteen-yard penalty because their receiver had caught the ball for a thirty-yard gain.
Usage notes
- Decline, refuse, forbear, refrain: Decline is gentler than refuse and carries a connotation that the non-acceptance is an acceptable or anticipated option (decline an invitation) or the result of a considered decision (the judge declined to grant the motion). Refuse has a stronger connotation of rejection, firmness, resistance, or non-compliance. For example, if someone declines to give their name, that suggests they were given a choice and elected not to give their name. If someone refuses to give their name, the connotation is more toward a suggestion that they normally should have given their name and are being intransigent. Forbear or refrain, conversely, suggest choosing not to do something that one might indulge in or be tempted to do (refrain from smoking), with forbear having an added connotation of showing some fortitude in withstanding the temptation (forbear to show anger). Refrain can also be used to refer to a general policy or preference rather than a choice on a single occasion.
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Further reading
- decline in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- decline in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- decline at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- Delnice
Portuguese
Verb
decline
- first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of declinar
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of declinar
- third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of declinar
- third-person singular (você) negative imperative of declinar
Romanian
Verb
decline
- third-person singular present subjunctive of declina
- third-person plural present subjunctive of declina
Spanish
Verb
decline
- Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of declinar.
- First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of declinar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of declinar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of declinar.
decline From the web:
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