different between rake vs cant

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /?e?k/
• Rhymes: -e?k
• Homophone: raik

Etymology 1

From Middle English rake [and other forms], from Old English raca, racu, ræce (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?, *rekô (“tool with a row of pointed teeth, rake”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”). The English word is cognate with Danish rage (chiefly regional), Middle Dutch r?ke, r?ke (modern Dutch raak, reek (both regional), riek (“pitchfork, rake”)), Middle Low German r?ke, racke (modern German Low German Raak (“rake; poker”)), Old High German rehho, rech (Middle High German reche, modern German Rechen (“rake”)), Old Norse reka (“shovel”) (modern Icelandic reka (“shovel”)), Old Saxon recho, Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“rake; (long) straight section of a road”)).

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. (agriculture, horticulture) A garden tool with a row of pointed teeth fixed to a long handle, used for collecting debris, grass, etc., for flattening the ground, or for loosening soil; also, a similar wheel-mounted tool drawn by a horse or a tractor.

   Synonym: (horse-drawn rake) horserake
2. (by extension) A similarly shaped tool used for other purposes.
   1. (gambling) A tool with a straight edge at the end used by a croupier to move chips or money across a gaming table.

Derived terms

Translations

Etymology 2

The verb is partly derived:

• from Middle English raken (“to rake; to gather by raking; to rake away (debris); to cover with something; (figurative) to conceal, hide; to destroy”) [and other forms], from Old Norse raka (“to scrape”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?, probably ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
• from rake (“tool with a row of pointed teeth”): see etymology 1.

The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch r?ken (modern Dutch raken (“to rake”) (regional)), Middle Low German r?ken, Old Danish raghæ, rakæ (modern Danish rage (“to shave”)), Old Swedish raka (modern Swedish raka (“to rake; to shave”)).

The noun is derived from the verb.

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. To act upon with a rake, or as if with a rake.
   1. (transitive, also figuratively) Often followed by in: to gather (things which are apart) together, especially quickly.

   2. (transitive) Often followed by an adverb or preposition such as away, off, out, etc.: to drag or pull in a certain direction.
   3. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To claw at; to scrape, to scratch; followed by away: to erase, to obliterate.
   4. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) Followed by up: to bring up or uncover (something), as embarrassing information, past misdeeds, etc.
   6. (transitive, intransitive, figuratively) To search through (thoroughly).

      Synonyms: comb, comb through, go over or through with a fine-tooth comb, scour
   7. (transitive, intransitive, also figuratively) To move (a beam of light, a glance with the eyes, etc.) across (something) with a long side-to-side motion; specifically (often military) to use a weapon to fire at (something) with a side-to-side motion; to spray with gunfire.

   8. (transitive, chiefly Ireland, Northern England, Scotland, also figuratively) To cover (something) by or as if by raking things over it.

Conjugation

Translations

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. The act of raking.
2. Something that is raked.
   1. A share of profits, takings, etc., especially if obtained illegally; specifically (gambling) the scaled commission fee taken by a cardroom operating a poker game.
   2. (chiefly Ireland, Scotland, slang) A lot, plenty.

Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English rake, rakke (“pass, path, track; type of fencing thrust; pasture land (?)”), and then partly:

• probably from Old English racu (“bed of a stream; path; account, narrative; explanation; argument, reasoning; reason”) (compare Old English hrace, hraca, hracu (“gorge”)), from Proto-Germanic *rak? (“path, track; course, direction; an unfolding, unwinding; account, narrative; argument, reasoning”) [and other forms], from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten, right oneself”); and
• from Old Norse rák (“strip; stripe; furrow; small mountain ravine”), further etymology uncertain but probably ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rak?, as above.

The English word is cognate with Icelandic rák (“streak, stripe; notch in a rock; vein in stone or wood”), Norwegian råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail”), Norwegian Nynorsk råk (“channel (in ice); cow path; trail; furrow; stripe”), Swedish råk (“crack or channel in ice; river valley”), Westrobothnian råk (“crack or hole in ice; channel; swath, windrow; hair parting”); and probably cognate with Old Danish rag (modern Danish rag (“stiff; taut”) (regional)), Old Norse rakr (“straight”), Swedish rak (“straight”).

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. (Northern England and climbing, also figuratively) A course, a path, especially a narrow and steep path or route up a hillside.
2. (mining) A fissure or mineral vein of ore traversing the strata vertically, or nearly so.
3. (Britain, originally Northern England, Scotland) A series, a succession; specifically (rail transport) a set of coupled rail vehicles, normally coaches or wagons.

   Synonym: consist
4. (systems theory) In cellular automata: a puffer that emits a stream of spaceships rather than a trail of debris.
5. (Midlands, Northern England) Alternative spelling of raik (“a course, a way; pastureland over which animals graze; a journey to transport something between two places; a run; also, the quantity of items so transported”)

Translations

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. Alternative spelling of raik (“(intransitive, Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) to walk; to roam, to wander; of animals (especially sheep): to graze; (transitive, chiefly Scotland) to roam or wander through (somewhere)”)

Etymology 4

The verb is derived from Middle English raken (“to go, proceed; to move quickly, hasten, rush; to roam, wander”) [and other forms], from Old English racian (“to go forward, move, run; to hasten; to take a course or direction; to control, direct, govern, rule”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?n? (“to take a course or direction; to run”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“to straighten; to direct oneself”). The English word is cognate with Middle Dutch r?ken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German r?ken, r?ken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), Old High German rahh?n (“to narrate, speak”), and probably Swedish raka (“to rush off”).

The noun is derived from the verb.

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. (intransitive, chiefly Midlands, Northern England, Scotland) To move swiftly; to proceed rapidly.
2. (intransitive, falconry) Of a bird of prey: to fly after a quarry; also, to fly away from the falconer, to go wide of the quarry being pursued.

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. (Scotland) Rate of progress; pace, speed.

Alternative forms

• raik

Etymology 5

The origin of the verb is uncertain, but it may be related to:

• German ragen (“to rise up out of; to jut or stick out”), from Middle High German ragen (compare Middle Dutch r?gen, Middle Low German r?gen), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h?er??- (“to go up, rise”); and
• possibly to Middle Dutch r?ken (“to acquire; to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”) (modern Dutch raken (“to hit (not miss); to touch; to become”)), Middle Low German r?ken, r?ken (“to hit (not miss); to reach; to touch”), from Proto-Germanic *rak?n? (“to take a course or direction; to run”) (see further at etymology 4).

The noun is probably derived from the verb.

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. (transitive, intransitive) To incline (something) from a perpendicular direction.

   Synonym: slope

2. (nautical) Senses relating to watercraft.
   1. (transitive) To provide (the bow or stern of a watercraft) with a rake (“a slant that causes it to extend beyond the keel”).
   2. (intransitive, rare) Of a watercraft: to have a rake at its bow or stern.

Translations

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. A divergence from the horizontal or perpendicular; a slant, a slope.
2. (specifically) In full, angle of rake or rake angle: the angle between the edge or face of a tool (especially a cutting tool) and a plane (usually one perpendicular to the object that the tool is being applied to).
3. (geology) The direction of slip during the movement of a fault, measured within the fault plane.
4. (nautical) Senses relating to watercraft.
   1. A slant that causes the bow or stern of a watercraft to extend beyond the keel; also, the upper part of the bow or stern that extends beyond the keel.
   2. A slant of some other part of a watercraft (such as a funnel or mast) away from the perpendicular, usually towards the stern.
5. (roofing) The sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.

Translations

Etymology 6

The noun is a clipping of rakehell (“(archaic) lewd or wanton person, debauchee, rake”), from to rake (out) hell (“to search through hell thoroughly”), in the sense of a person so evil or immoral that they cannot be found in hell even after an extensive search: see rake (“to search through (thoroughly)”).

The verb is derived from the noun.

Noun

rake (plural rakes)

1. A person (usually a man) who is stylish but habituated to hedonistic and immoral conduct.

   Synonym: roué

Translations

Verb

rake (third-person singular simple present rakes, present participle raking, simple past and past participle raked)

1. (intransitive, dated, rare) To behave as a rake; to lead a hedonistic and immoral life.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:harlotize

   • 1758, William Shenstone, Epilogue to Cleone

     When women hid their necks , and veil'd their faces ,
     Nor romp'd , nor raked , nor stared at public places

Notes

References

Further reading

• rake (stock character) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rake (tool) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• rake (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• John A. Simpson and Edward S. C. Weiner, editors (1989) , “rake”, in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ?ISBN

Anagrams

• KERA, Kear, Kera, aker, reak

Dutch

Pronunciation

Adjective

rake

1. Inflected form of raak

Verb

rake

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of raken

Garo

Adverb

rake

1. hard

Hausa

Etymology

Borrowed from Yoruba ireke.

Noun

ràk? m (possessed form ràken)

1. sugarcane

Norwegian Bokmål

Adjective

rake

1. definite singular/plural of rak

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

rake

1. definite singular/plural of rak

Verb

rake (present tense rakar, past tense raka, past participle raka, passive infinitive rakast, present participle rakande, imperative rak)

1. Alternative form of raka

Scots

Alternative forms

• raik, rayk

Etymology

From Middle English raken, from Old English racian (“to direct; rule; take a course or direction; run”).

Verb

rake (third-person singular present rakes, present participle rakin, past rakit, past participle rakit)

1. To proceed with speed; go; make one's way
2. To journey; travel
3. (of animals) To move across or search for pasture; wander; roam
4. To stray

Swedish

Adjective

rake

1. absolute definite natural masculine form of rak.

Anagrams

• ekar

Teop

Verb

rake

1. to want

References

• Ulrike Mosel, The Teop sketch grammar

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: k?nt, IPA^(key): /kænt/
• Rhymes: -ænt
• Homophone: can't (US), Homophone: Kant (in anglicized pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From Latin cant? probably via Old Northern French canter (“sing, tell”). Doublet of chant.

Noun

cant (usually uncountable, plural cants)

1. (countable) An argot, the jargon of a particular class or subgroup.

   Synonyms: argot, jargon, slang

   • 1836, Three discourses preached before the Congregational Society in Watertown, page 65

2. (countable, uncountable) A private or secret language used by a religious sect, gang, or other group.

   Synonyms: argot, jargon, slang

3. A language spoken by some Irish Travellers; Shelta.
4. (uncountable, derogatory) Empty, hypocritical talk.
   • 1903, Samuel Butler, The Way of All Flesh, ch 46:

     ... he knew very well that if they thought him clever they were being taken in, but it pleased him to have been able to take them in, and he tried to do so still further; he was therefore a good deal on the look-out for cants that he could catch and apply in season, and might have done himself some mischief thus if he had not been ready to throw over any cant as soon as he had come across another more nearly to his fancy ...

5. (uncountable) Whining speech, such as that used by beggars.
6. (countable, heraldry) A blazon of a coat of arms that makes a pun upon the name (or, less often, some attribute or function) of the bearer, canting arms.
7. (obsolete) A call for bidders at a public fair; an auction.

Related terms

Translations

Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

1. (intransitive) To speak with the jargon of a class or subgroup.
2. (intransitive) To speak in set phrases.
3. (intransitive) To preach in a singsong fashion, especially in a false or empty manner.
4. (intransitive, heraldry) Of a blazon, to make a pun that references the bearer of a coat of arms.
5. (obsolete) To sell by auction, or bid at an auction.

See also

• jargon
• sociolect

Etymology 2

From Middle English cant (“edge, brink”), from Middle Dutch cant (“point, side, edge”) (Modern Dutch kant (“side, edge”)), ultimately of Celtic or Latin origin. Related to Medieval Latin cantus (“corner, side”), from Latin canthus.

Noun

cant (plural cants)

1. (obsolete) Side, edge, corner, niche.
2. Slope, the angle at which something is set.
3. A corner (of a building).

   Synonym: corner

4. An outer or external angle.
5. An inclination from a horizontal or vertical line; a slope or bevel; a tilt.

   Synonyms: bevel, slope, tilt

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Totten to this entry?)

6. A movement or throw that overturns something.
   • 1830, The Edinburgh Encyclopedia, volume 3, page 621

     It is not only of great service in keeping the boat in her due position on the sea, but also in creating a tendency immediately to recover from any sudden cant, or lurch, from a heavy wave; and it is besides beneficial in diminishing the violence of beating against the sides of the vessel which she may go to relieve.

7. A sudden thrust, push, kick, or other impulse, producing a bias or change of direction; also, the bias or turn so given.

8. (coopering) A segment forming a side piece in the head of a cask.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

9. A segment of the rim of a wooden cogwheel.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Knight to this entry?)

10. (nautical) A piece of wood laid upon the deck of a vessel to support the bulkheads.

Derived terms

• cantrail

Related terms

• cantilever

Translations

Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

1. (transitive) To set (something) at an angle.

   to cant a cask; to cant a ship

2. (transitive) To give a sudden turn or new direction to.

   to cant round a stick of timber; to cant a football

3. (transitive) To bevel an edge or corner.
4. (transitive) To overturn so that the contents are emptied.

Translations

Etymology 3

Unknown, but compare Provençal cantel (“corner, piece”) or Old Northern French cantel (“piece broken off”). The verb is attested from the 15th century, and the noun from the 16th.

Verb

cant (third-person singular simple present cants, present participle canting, simple past and past participle canted)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To divide or parcel out.

Noun

cant (plural cants)

1. (regional, forestry) A parcel, a division.

Etymology 4

From Middle English cant, kaunt, presumably from Middle Low German *kant. Compare Dutch kant (“neat, clever”). Attested from the 13th or 14th century.

Alternative forms

• kant

Adjective

cant (not comparable)

1. (Britain, dialect) Lively, lusty.

References

Further reading

• Cant (language) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• NCTA, T-Can

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Occitan cant, from Latin cantus.

Noun

cant m (plural cants)

1. song

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?kant/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?kan/

Synonyms

• cançó

Related terms

• cantar

Italian

Noun

cant m (invariable)

1. Apocopic form of canto

Middle English

Etymology

Possibly from Middle Low German *kant.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kant/

Adjective

cant

1. (Scotland, Northern England) bold, lively, cant
   • c. 1340, Cursor Mundi, Cotton Vespasian A iii, lines 8943-46:

     Iuus þat war sa cant and kene, / Quen þai had þis meracles sene, / þai drou it þen and mad a brig / Ouer a litel burn to lig

     Jews who were so bold and ready, when they had seen this miracle, pulled it out and made a bridge over a little stream to lie

Descendants

• English: cant (dialectal)
• Scots: cant

Romanian

Etymology

From German Kante.

Noun

cant n (plural canturi)

1. edge

Declension

Scots

Alternative forms

• kant

Etymology

From Middle English cant (“bold, lively”)

Adjective

cant

1. (Middle Scots) lively
   • 1513, Gavin Douglas (translator), Virgil (author), Aeneid:

     The cadgyar callis furth his capill with crakkis wail cant

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kant/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Brythonic *kant, from Proto-Celtic *kantom, from Proto-Indo-European *?m?tóm.

Numeral

cant (ordinal canfed)

1. one hundred

Usage notes

• Preceding a noun, cant takes the form can.
• Cardinals following cant employ a (“and”) as a connecting word, which stands in contrast to ordinals after canfed, which use wedi'r (“past the, after the”), e.g. cant ac un (“one hundred and one”) but cyntaf wedi'r cant (“hundred-and-first”).

Derived terms

• hanner cant (“fifty”)
• cant a hanner (“one hundred and fifty”)
• dau gant (“two hundred”)
• tri chant (“three hundred”)
• pum cant (“five hundred”)

Noun

cant m (plural cannoedd)

1. hundred
2. century

Etymology 2

Middle Welsh, from Proto-Celtic *kantos (“corner, rim”). Related to Breton kant (“circle”), Old Irish cétad (“round seat”).

Noun

cant m (plural cantau)

1. hoop
2. rim

Mutation

References

• Definition from the BBC
• Hoops, Johannes (1973): Reallexikon der germanischen Altertumskunde, Volume 16, p. 445