different between racism vs antisemiticism

English

Etymology

1928, after French racisme (1902). See race, -ism for more.

Pronunciation

• (US) IPA^(key): /??e?s?zm?/

Noun

racism (usually uncountable, plural racisms)

1. Belief that there are distinct human races with inherent differences which determine their abilities, and generally that some are superior and others inferior.
   • 2011, Jane H. Hill, The Everyday Language of White Racism (?ISBN), page 1987:

     But other kinds of talk and text that are not visible, so called covert racist discourse, may be just as important in reproducing the culturally shared ideas that underpin racism.

2. The policies, practices, or systems (e.g. government or political) promoting this belief or promoting the dominance of one or more races over others.
   • 2013, Tyler T. Schmidt, Desegregating Desire (?ISBN):

     In “Crazy for This Democracy” (1945), Hurston critiques the US government's racism at home and abroad, including its silence on the anticolonial movements in Africa.

3. Prejudice or discrimination based upon race or ethnicity; (countable) an action of such discrimination.
   • 2007, Joseph Godson Amamoo, Ghana: 50 years of independence:

     For, if racism against non-whites is morally wrong and unjustifiable, then how can racism against whites be morally right and justifiable?

   • 2016, Bernard Guerin, How to Rethink Human Behavior (?ISBN):

     This was partly true, but the biggest thing stopping him was that he had tried going to a college in Adelaide before and grew tired of the little racisms and discrimination that he got there.

Usage notes

• Usage has begun to shift in the 21st century to particularly focus on structural power dynamics that underlie racist institutions and policies rather than personal prejudices.
• Some speakers use the term racism loosely to refer to prejudice or discrimination based not upon race but upon other factors; this is nonstandard:

• The term reverse racism has been used to denote personal racial prejudice by a group that is or has been oppressed/disempowered, against a more powerful group. Some argue that this distinction does not need to be made and advocate that this be called, simply, racism, while others argue that the term racism should not be used at all in such cases, as racism is distinguished from racial prejudice by being supported by institutions and social structures.
• For many speakers, the term racism implies conscious belief or behavior, but this is not always the case.

Synonyms

• (racial discrimination): See Thesaurus:racism

Hypernyms

• (racial discrimination): See Thesaurus:prejudice

Coordinate terms

• (racial discrimination): See Thesaurus:prejudice

Derived terms

Related terms

• antiracist, anti-racist
• racist

Translations

See also

References

Further reading

• racism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• racism at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Ramics, cimars