different between race vs rank
race
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: r?s, IPA(key): /?e?s/
- Rhymes: -e?s
Etymology 1
From Middle English race, from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”), from Proto-Germanic *r?s? (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *reh?s- (“to flow, rush”). Akin to Old English r?s (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), Middle Low German râs (“a strong current”), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”). Compare Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.
Noun
race (countable and uncountable, plural races)
- A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective. Example: Several horses run in a horse race, and the first one to reach the finishing post wins
- Swift progress; rapid motion; an instance of moving or driving at high speed.
- (computing) A race condition.
- A progressive movement toward a goal.
- A fast-moving current of water, such as that which powers a mill wheel.
- A water channel, esp. one built to lead water to or from a point where it is utilised.
- Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life.
- The bushings of a rolling element bearing which contacts the rolling elements.
Derived terms
Translations
Verb
race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)
- (intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest).
- (transitive) To compete against in such a race.
- (intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.
- (intransitive) Of a motor, to run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission.
- 1891 (December) Arthur Conan Doyle, The Man with the Twisted Lip:
- "My mind is like a racing engine, tearing itself to pieces because it is not connected up with the work for which it was built."
- 1891 (December) Arthur Conan Doyle, The Man with the Twisted Lip:
Translations
Etymology 2
1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin.
Noun
race (countable and uncountable, plural races)
- A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics:
- A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare ethnic group). See Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race.
- 1838, Lincoln, Abraham, Young Men's Lyceum address
- We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them—they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors.
- 1895 November 11, Chamberlain, Joseph, Speech given to the Imperial Institute:
- I believe that the British race is the greatest of the governing races that the world has ever seen.
- 1913, Martin Van Buren Knox, The religious life of the Anglo-Saxon race
- 1838, Lincoln, Abraham, Young Men's Lyceum address
- A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.
- A large group of sentient beings distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare species, subspecies).
- 1898, Herman Isidore Stern, The gods of our fathers: a study of Saxon mythology, page 15)
- There are two distinct races of gods known to Norse mythology[.]
- 1898, Herman Isidore Stern, The gods of our fathers: a study of Saxon mythology, page 15)
- A group or category distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.
- A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare ethnic group). See Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race.
- (biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group.
- (zoology) Subspecies.
- (animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal.
- (mycology, bacteriology, informal) An infraspecific rank, a pathotype, pathovar, etc.
- (obsolete) Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour.
- (obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition.
Synonyms
- subspecies
- breed
- variety
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
Verb
race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)
- To assign a race to; to perceive as having a (usually specified) race.
- 1996, Philosophical Studies in Education, page 151:
- To be raced as black in the U.S. translates symbolically into being considered inferior to whites, lazy, immoral, boisterous, violent, and sexually promiscuous.
- 2006, Athena D. Mutua, Progressive Black Masculinities?, Routledge (?ISBN), page 30:
- From this perspective, the project of progressive blackness entails the edification of black people and the elimination of all forms of domination that limit this edification for all those raced as black.
- 2008, George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race, Rowman & Littlefield (?ISBN), page 46:
- By avoiding being raced as white, whites are able to maintain the illusion that they have always been individuals, that they have always accomplished their achievements through merit alone.
- 2020 March 24, Sophie Lewis, The coronavirus crisis shows it's time to abolish the family:
- [T]he private family qua mode of social reproduction still, frankly, sucks. It genders, nationalizes and races us. It norms us for productive work.
- 1996, Philosophical Studies in Education, page 151:
Etymology 3
From Middle French [Term?], from Latin radix.
Noun
race (plural races)
- A rhizome or root, especially of ginger.
- 1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, Act IV, Scene III, line 45.
- I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.
- 1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, Act IV, Scene III, line 45.
Translations
Etymology 4
Verb
race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)
- Obsolete form of raze.
References
- race at OneLook Dictionary Search
- race in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
- race in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- Diez, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der romanischen Sprachen, "Razza."
Anagrams
- -care, Acre, CERA, Care, Cera, Crea, acer, acre, care, e-car
Danish
Etymology 1
Borrowed from French race, from Italian razza.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [????s?]
Noun
race c (singular definite racen, plural indefinite racer)
- race (subdivision of species)
- breed
Inflection
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English race.
Alternative forms
- ræs
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [???js], [????s]
Noun
race n (singular definite racet, plural indefinite race)
- a race (a contest where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective)
- a rush
Inflection
Etymology 3
Borrowed from English race.
Alternative forms
- ræse
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [????s?]
Verb
race (imperative race, infinitive at race, present tense racer, past tense racede, perfect tense er/har racet)
- to race (to compete in a race, a contest where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective)
- to rush
Further reading
- race on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /re?s/
- Hyphenation: race
- Rhymes: -e?s
- Homophone: rees
Etymology 1
Borrowed from English race.
Noun
race m (plural races, diminutive raceje n)
- A speed contest, a race.
- Synonym: wedloop
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
race
- first-person singular present indicative of racen
- (archaic) singular present subjunctive of racen
- imperative of racen
French
Etymology
As Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from ca. 1480,spelling Middle French race recorded in 1549, from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?as/
- Rhymes: -as
Noun
race f (plural races)
- race (classification)
- kind
- Synonym: espèce
- (zoology) breed
Related terms
Descendants
- ? German: Rasse
- ? Czech: rasa
- ? Polish: rasa
- ? Serbo-Croatian: rasa
- ? Slovene: rasa
- ? Romanian: ras?
References
- “race” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Further reading
- “race” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Anagrams
- acre, âcre, care, caré, créa, racé
Middle French
Etymology
16th century (spelling rasse from 1480), from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin.
Noun
race f (plural races)
- race; breed
Descendants
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?ra.t?s?/
Noun
race f
- nominative/accusative/vocative plural of raca
Swedish
Etymology
From English race.
Noun
race n
- race (competition)
Declension
Derived terms
- köra sitt eget race
References
- race in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- race in Svensk ordbok (SO)
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rank
Translingual
Symbol
rank
- (mathematics) The symbol for rank.
English
Alternative forms
- ranck (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?æ?k/
- Rhymes: -æ?k
Etymology 1
From Middle English rank (“strong, proud”), from Old English ranc (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), from Proto-West Germanic *rank, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *h?re?- (“straight, direct”). Cognate with Dutch rank (“slender, slim”), Low German rank (“slender, projecting, lank”), Danish rank (“straight, erect, slender”), Swedish rank (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Icelandic rakkur (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).
Adjective
rank (comparative ranker or more rank, superlative rankest or most rank)
- Strong of its kind or in character; unmitigated; virulent; thorough; utter (used of negative things).
- Strong in growth; growing with vigour or rapidity, hence, coarse or gross.
- And, behold, seven ears of corn came up upon one stalk, rank and good.
- Suffering from overgrowth or hypertrophy; plethoric.
- Causing strong growth; producing luxuriantly; rich and fertile.
- Strong to the senses; offensive; noisome.
- Having a very strong and bad taste or odor.
- Synonyms: stinky, smelly, (UK) pong
- 1661, Robert Boyle, The Sceptical Chymist
- Divers sea fowls taste rank of the fish on which they ordinarily feed.
- Complete, used as an intensifier (usually negative, referring to incompetence).
- Synonyms: complete, utter
- (informal) Gross, disgusting.
- (obsolete) Strong; powerful; capable of acting or being used with great effect; energetic; vigorous; headstrong.
- (obsolete) lustful; lascivious
Derived terms
- ranken
- rankful
Translations
Adverb
rank (comparative more rank, superlative most rank)
- (obsolete) Quickly, eagerly, impetuously.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.iii:
- The seely man seeing him ryde so rancke, / And ayme at him, fell flat to ground for feare [...].
- That rides so rank and bends his lance so fell.
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, The Faerie Queene, II.iii:
Etymology 2
From Middle English rank (“line, row”), from Old French ranc, rang, reng (“line, row, rank”) (Modern French rang), from Frankish *hring (“ring”), from Proto-Germanic *hringaz (“something bent or curved”).
Akin to Old High German (h)ring, Old Frisian hring, Old English hring, hrincg (“ring”) (Modern English ring), Old Norse hringr (“ring, circle, queue, sword; ship”). More at ring.
Noun
rank (countable and uncountable, plural ranks)
- A row of people or things organized in a grid pattern, often soldiers.
- Antonym: file
- The front rank kneeled to reload while the second rank fired over their heads.
- (chess) One of the eight horizontal lines of squares on a chessboard (i.e., those identified by a number).
- Antonym: file
- (music) In a pipe organ, a set of pipes of a certain quality for which each pipe corresponds to one key or pedal.
- One's position in a list sorted by a shared property such as physical location, population, or quality.
- Based on your test scores, you have a rank of 23.
- The fancy hotel was of the first rank.
- The level of one's position in a class-based society.
- (typically in the plural) A category of people, such as those who share an occupation or belong to an organisation.
- a membership drawn from the ranks of wealthy European businessmen
- A hierarchical level in an organization such as the military.
- Private First Class (PFC) is the second-lowest rank in the Marines.
- He rose up through the ranks of the company, from mailroom clerk to CEO.
- (taxonomy) A level in a scientific taxonomy system.
- Phylum is the taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.
- (mathematics) The dimensionality of an array (computing) or tensor.
- (linear algebra) The maximal number of linearly independent columns (or rows) of a matrix.
- (algebra) The maximum quantity of D-linearly independent elements of a module (over an integral domain D).
- (mathematics) The size of any basis of a given matroid.
Derived terms
- break rank
- cab off the rank
- cab rank
- cab-rank rule
- close ranks
- pull rank
- taxi rank
Translations
Verb
rank (third-person singular simple present ranks, present participle ranking, simple past and past participle ranked)
- To place abreast, or in a line.
- To have a ranking.
- Their defense ranked third in the league.
- To assign a suitable place in a class or order; to classify.
- 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick, or The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry After Truth With a Variety of Rules to Guard
- Ranking all things under general and special heads.
- 1726, William Broome, The Odyssey (by Homer)
- Poets were ranked in the class of philosophers.
- 1667, Richard Allestree, The Causes of the Decay of Christian Piety
- Heresy [is] ranked with idolatry, witchcraft, hatred, murders, and other sins of the flesh.
- 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick, or The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry After Truth With a Variety of Rules to Guard
- (US) To take rank of; to outrank.
Derived terms
- misrank
- outrank
Translations
References
- rank at OneLook Dictionary Search
- rank in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
Anagrams
- ARNK, Karn, karn, knar, kran, nark
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /r??k/
- Hyphenation: rank
- Rhymes: -??k
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch ranc, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz.
Adjective
rank (comparative ranker, superlative rankst)
- slender, svelte
Inflection
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch ranc, ranke, from Old Dutch *rank, from Frankish hranca.
Noun
rank f (plural ranken, diminutive rankje n)
- tendril, a thin winding stem
Anagrams
- karn
References
German
Etymology
From Middle Low German rank, ranc, from Proto-Germanic *rankaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?a?k/
Adjective
rank (comparative ranker, superlative am ranksten)
- (poetic, dated, except in the phrase rank und schlank) lithe, lissome
Declension
Related terms
- rahn
Verb
rank
- singular imperative of ranken
Further reading
- “rank” in Duden online
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