different between race vs grade

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: r?s, IPA^(key): /?e?s/
• Rhymes: -e?s

Etymology 1

From Middle English race, from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”), from Proto-Germanic *r?s? (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *reh?s- (“to flow, rush”). Akin to Old English r?s (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), Middle Low German râs (“a strong current”), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”). Compare Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.

Noun

race (countable and uncountable, plural races)

1. A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective. Example: Several horses run in a horse race, and the first one to reach the finishing post wins
2. Swift progress; rapid motion; an instance of moving or driving at high speed.
3. (computing) A race condition.
4. A progressive movement toward a goal.

5. A fast-moving current of water, such as that which powers a mill wheel.
6. A water channel, esp. one built to lead water to or from a point where it is utilised.
7. Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life.
8. The bushings of a rolling element bearing which contacts the rolling elements.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)

1. (intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest).

2. (transitive) To compete against in such a race.

3. (intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.
4. (intransitive) Of a motor, to run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission.
   • 1891 (December) Arthur Conan Doyle, The Man with the Twisted Lip:

     "My mind is like a racing engine, tearing itself to pieces because it is not connected up with the work for which it was built."

Translations

Etymology 2

1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin.

Noun

race (countable and uncountable, plural races)

1. A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics:
   1. A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare ethnic group). See Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race.
      • 1838, Lincoln, Abraham, Young Men's Lyceum address

        We toiled not in the acquirement or establishment of them—they are a legacy bequeathed us, by a once hardy, brave, and patriotic, but now lamented and departed race of ancestors.

      • 1895 November 11, Chamberlain, Joseph, Speech given to the Imperial Institute:

        I believe that the British race is the greatest of the governing races that the world has ever seen.

      • 1913, Martin Van Buren Knox, The religious life of the Anglo-Saxon race
   2. A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.

   3. A large group of sentient beings distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare species, subspecies).
      • 1898, Herman Isidore Stern, The gods of our fathers: a study of Saxon mythology, page 15)

        There are two distinct races of gods known to Norse mythology[.]

   4. A group or category distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.
2. (biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group.
3. (zoology) Subspecies.
4. (animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal.
5. (mycology, bacteriology, informal) An infraspecific rank, a pathotype, pathovar, etc.
6. (obsolete) Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour.
7. (obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition.

Synonyms

• subspecies
• breed
• variety

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)

1. To assign a race to; to perceive as having a (usually specified) race.
   • 1996, Philosophical Studies in Education, page 151:

     To be raced as black in the U.S. translates symbolically into being considered inferior to whites, lazy, immoral, boisterous, violent, and sexually promiscuous.

   • 2006, Athena D. Mutua, Progressive Black Masculinities?, Routledge (?ISBN), page 30:

     From this perspective, the project of progressive blackness entails the edification of black people and the elimination of all forms of domination that limit this edification for all those raced as black.

   • 2008, George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race, Rowman & Littlefield (?ISBN), page 46:

     By avoiding being raced as white, whites are able to maintain the illusion that they have always been individuals, that they have always accomplished their achievements through merit alone.

   • 2020 March 24, Sophie Lewis, The coronavirus crisis shows it's time to abolish the family:

     [T]he private family qua mode of social reproduction still, frankly, sucks. It genders, nationalizes and races us. It norms us for productive work.

Etymology 3

From Middle French [Term?], from Latin radix.

Noun

race (plural races)

1. A rhizome or root, especially of ginger.
   • 1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, Act IV, Scene III, line 45.

     I must have saffron to color the warden pies; mace; dates, none -- that's out of my note; nutmegs, seven; a race or two of ginger, but that I may beg; four pounds of prunes, and as many of raisins o' th' sun.

Translations

Etymology 4

Verb

race (third-person singular simple present races, present participle racing, simple past and past participle raced)

1. Obsolete form of raze.

References

• race at OneLook Dictionary Search
• race in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• race in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• Diez, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der romanischen Sprachen, "Razza."

Anagrams

• -care, Acre, CERA, Care, Cera, Crea, acer, acre, care, e-car

Danish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French race, from Italian razza.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [????s?]

Noun

race c (singular definite racen, plural indefinite racer)

1. race (subdivision of species)
2. breed

Inflection

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English race.

Alternative forms

• ræs

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [???js], [????s]

Noun

race n (singular definite racet, plural indefinite race)

1. a race (a contest where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective)
2. a rush

Inflection

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English race.

Alternative forms

• ræse

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [????s?]

Verb

race (imperative race, infinitive at race, present tense racer, past tense racede, perfect tense er/har racet)

1. to race (to compete in a race, a contest where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective)
2. to rush

Further reading

• race on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /re?s/
• Hyphenation: race
• Rhymes: -e?s
• Homophone: rees

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English race.

Noun

race m (plural races, diminutive raceje n)

1. A speed contest, a race.

   Synonym: wedloop

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Verb

race

1. first-person singular present indicative of racen
2. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of racen
3. imperative of racen

French

Etymology

As Middle French rasse "entirety of ancestors and descendants of the same family or people", from ca. 1480,spelling Middle French race recorded in 1549, from Italian razza (13th century), of uncertain origin (more at razza).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?as/
• Rhymes: -as

Noun

race f (plural races)

1. race (classification)
2. kind

   Synonym: espèce

3. (zoology) breed

Related terms

Descendants

• ? German: Rasse
  • ? Czech: rasa
  • ? Polish: rasa
  • ? Serbo-Croatian: rasa
  • ? Slovene: rasa
• ? Romanian: ras?

References

• “race” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Further reading

• “race” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• acre, âcre, care, caré, créa, racé

Middle French

Etymology

16th century (spelling rasse from 1480), from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin.

Noun

race f (plural races)

1. race; breed

Descendants

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ra.t?s?/

Noun

race f

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of raca

Swedish

Etymology

From English race.

Noun

race n

1. race (competition)

Declension

Derived terms

• köra sitt eget race

References

• race in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• race in Svensk ordbok (SO)

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French grade (“a grade, degree”), from Latin gradus (“a step, pace, a step in a ladder or stair, a station, position, degree”), from Proto-Indo-European *g?rad?-, *g?red?- (“to walk, go”). Cognate with Gothic ???????????????????? (griþs, “step, grade”), Bavarian Gritt (“step, stride”), Lithuanian grìdiju (“to go, wander”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??e?d/
• Homophones: grayed, greyed
• Rhymes: -e?d

Noun

grade (plural grades)

1. A rating.

   This fine-grade coin from 1837 is worth a good amount.

2. (chiefly Canada, US) Performance on a test or other evaluation(s), expressed by a number, letter, or other symbol; a score.

   Synonym: mark

3. A degree or level of something; a position within a scale; a degree of quality.

   • There are a lot of varieties of diatomaceous earth, so when you are shopping, be sure to get the right stuff!
     
     Make sure that you get food grade diatomaceous earth. Some people make 3% of the food they eat be diatomaceous earth.

4. (linguistics) degree (Any of the three stages (positive, comparative, superlative) in the comparison of an adjective or an adverb.)
5. A slope (up or down) of a roadway or other passage

6. (Canada, US, education) A level of primary and secondary education.

7. (Canada, education) A student of a particular grade (used with the grade level).

8. An area that has been flattened by a grader (construction machine).
9. The level of the ground.

10. (mathematics) A gradian.
11. (geometry) In a linear system of divisors on an n-dimensional variety, the number of free intersection points of n generic divisors.
12. A harsh scraping or cutting; a grating.
13. (systematics) A taxon united by a level of morphological or physiological complexity that is not a clade.
14. (medicine) The degree of malignity of a tumor expressed on a scale.

Synonyms

• (taxon that is not a clade): paraphyletic group

Related terms

• e-grade
• gradient
• o-grade
• zero-grade

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (gur?do)

Translations

Verb

grade (third-person singular simple present grades, present participle grading, simple past and past participle graded)

1. (chiefly Canada, US) To assign scores to the components of an academic test.
2. (chiefly Canada, US) To assign a score to overall academic performance.
3. To organize in grades.

4. To flatten, level, or smooth a large surface.
5. (sewing) To remove or trim part of a seam allowance from a finished seam so as to reduce bulk and make the finished piece more even when turned right side out.
6. (research) To apply labels to data (typically by a manual rather than automatic process).

7. (intransitive) To pass imperceptibly from one grade into another.
   • 1924, EM Forster, A Passage to India, Penguin 2005, p. 34:

     And there were circles even beyond these – […] humanity grading and drifting beyond the educated vision, until no earthly invitation can embrace it.

Translations

Derived terms

Anagrams

• Adger, Degar, EDGAR, Edgar, Gerda, garde, radge, raged

Afrikaans

Noun

grade

1. plural of graad

Esperanto

Etymology

grado +? -e

Adverb

grade

1. gradually

Synonyms

• malabrupte

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin gradus. Compare degré.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??ad/
• Rhymes: -ad
• Homophone: grades

Noun

grade m (plural grades)

1. rank
2. (geometry) gradian

Synonyms

• degré
• rang

Derived terms

• en prendre pour son grade
• monter en grade

Related terms

• gradation
• grader

Descendants

• ? English: grade
• ? Romanian: grad

Further reading

• “grade” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Galician

Etymology

13th century. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese grade (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin cratis, cratem (“wickerwork”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???aðe?/

Noun

grade f (plural grades)

1. (archaic) cage
2. grate (metal grille)
3. harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
   • 1474, Antonio López Ferreiro (ed.), Galicia Histórica. Colección diplomática. Santiago: Tipografía Galaica, page 74:

     Iten, preçaron duas grades e hun chedeiro e dous temoos de cerna, a parte dos menores em quorenta :XL -? maravedis

     Item, they appraised two harrows, a cart's bed and two shafts of heartwood, the part corresponding to the kids, 40 coins

4. any similarly formed frame or structure
5. common starfish (Asterias rubens)

   Synonyms: estrela do mar, rapacricas

6. Ursa Major

   Synonyms: Carro, Osa Maior

Derived terms

• gradar

References

• “grade” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
• “grade” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
• “grade” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
• “grade” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
• “grade” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese grade, from Latin cratis, cratem, possibly from a Proto-Indo-European *krtis.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /???a.ð?/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /???a.d?i/
• Hyphenation: gra?de

Noun

grade f (plural grades)

1. grate (metal grille)
2. a light fence
3. harrow (device dragged across ploughed land to smooth the soil)
4. grid

Verb

grade

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of gradar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of gradar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of gradar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of gradar

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [??rade]

Noun

grade n

1. indefinite plural of grad

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

grade (Cyrillic spelling ?????)

1. vocative singular of grad

Spanish

Verb

grade

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of gradar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of gradar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of gradar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of gradar.