different between pupil vs pugil

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pju?p?l/
• Hyphenation: pu?pil
• Rhymes: -u?p?l

Etymology 1

From Middle English pupille, from Anglo-Norman pupille (“orphan”), from Latin p?pillus (“orphan, minor”), variant of p?pulus (“little boy”), from p?pus (“child, boy”).

Noun

pupil (plural pupils)

2. A learner under the supervision of a teacher or professor.
   • 1668 December 19, James Dalrymple, “Mr. Alexander Seaton contra Menzies” in The Deci?ions of the Lords of Council & Se??ion I (Edinburgh, 1683), page 575

     The Pupil after his Pupillarity, had granted a Di?charge to one of the Co-tutors, which did extingui?h the whole Debt of that Co-tutor, and con?equently of all the re?t, they being all correi debendi, lyable by one individual Obligation, which cannot be Di?charged as to one, and ?tand as to all the re?t.
3. (law, obsolete) An orphan who is a minor and under the protection of the state.

Usage notes

• A pupil is typically a young person, such as a schoolchild. Older learners, e.g. at university, are generally called students.

Translations

See also

• learnling

Etymology 2

From Middle English pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin p?pilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”), named because of the small reflected image seen when looking into someone's eye.

Noun

pupil (plural pupils)

1. (anatomy) The hole in the middle of the iris of the eye, through which light passes to be focused on the retina.
2. (zoology) The central dark part of an ocellated spot.

Derived terms

• pupilar
• pupilary
• pupillary

Translations

Further reading

• Pupil in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• pipul

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin p?pillus. Doublet of pubill.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /pu?pil/

Noun

pupil m (plural pupils, feminine pupil·la)

1. orphan

   Synonym: orfe

Further reading

• “pupil” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “pupil” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “pupil” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “pupil” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Danish

Etymology

From Latin p?pilla (“little girl”), diminutive of p?pa (“girl”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pupil/, [p?u?p?il?]

Noun

pupil c (singular definite pupillen, plural indefinite pupiller)

1. pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)

Declension

References

• “pupil” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /py?p?l/
• Hyphenation: pu?pil
• Rhymes: -?l

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch pupille, from Old French pupille, from Latin p?pilla.

Noun

pupil f (plural pupillen, diminutive pupilletje n)

1. pupil (aperture of the eye)

   Synonym: oogappel

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Middle French pupille, from Latin p?pillus.

Noun

pupil m (plural pupillen, diminutive pupilletje n)

1. (chiefly sports) minor, generally a prepubescent child over the age of 5
2. favoured student, protégé
3. institutionalised pupil (one who receives an upbringing or education in an institution)
4. (archaic) orphan

   Synonym: wees

Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from English pupil, from Middle French pupille, from Latin p?pilla (“pupil; little girl, doll”).

Pronunciation

• (Johor-Selangor) IPA^(key): /pupel/
• (Riau-Lingga) IPA^(key): /pup?l/
• Rhymes: -upel, -pel, -el

Noun

pupil (Jawi spelling ??????, plural pupil-pupil, informal 1st possessive pupilku, impolite 2nd possessive pupilmu, 3rd possessive pupilnya)

1. (anatomy) pupil (the hole in the middle of the iris of the eye)

Synonyms

• anak mata / ??? ????

Polish

Etymology

From French pupille, from Latin p?pilla.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pu.p?il/

Noun

pupil m pers (diminutive pupilek, feminine pupilka)

1. favorite son, favored student, protégé
2. (archaic) pupil (learner)

Declension

Derived terms

• (adjective) pupilarny

Further reading

• pupil in Wielki s?ownik j?zyka polskiego, Instytut J?zyka Polskiego PAN
• pupil in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

From French pupille, from Latin pupillus.

Noun

pupil m (plural pupili)

1. pupil

Declension

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pugillus, pugillum (“a fistful”), akin to pugnus (“the fist”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pju?d??l/

Noun

pugil (plural pugils)

1. (obsolete) As much as is taken up between the thumb and two first fingers; a pinch.

   • Take violets , and infuse a good pugil of them in a quart of vinegar

   • 1778, William Lewis, The new dispensatory:

     Cinnamon, an ounce and a half; Rosemary flowers, six pugils […]

   • 1699, John Evelyn, Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets:

     Note, That by Parts is to be understood a Pugil; which is no more than one does usually take up between the Thumb and the two next Fingers.

   • 1989, Patrick O'Brian, The Thirteen-Gun Salute:

     This kind of success was all luck, and if a man had only a given amount for his own share, it was a shame to fritter away so much as a pugil.

See also

• pugil stick

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *pew?- and related to Latin pugnus (“fist”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?pu.?il/, [?p?????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?pu.d??il/, [?pu?d??il]

Noun

pugil m (genitive pugilis); third declension

1. a boxer, pugilist
2. (figuratively) a hardened forehead

Declension

Third-declension noun.

Derived terms

• pugilic?

Related terms

Descendants

• Catalan: púgil
• English: pugilism, pugilist
• Italian: pugile
• Portuguese: púgil
• Spanish: púgil

References

• pugil in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pugil in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pugil in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• pugil in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• pugil in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers