different between prior vs antecedent

English

Alternative forms

• priour (obsolete)

Etymology

From Latin prior, comparative of Old Latin *pri (“before”), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond”), *pro (“before”). Parallel to English former, as comparative form from same Proto-Indo-European root, whence also fore (thence before).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p?a??/
• Rhymes: -a??(r)

Adjective

prior (not comparable)

1. Advance; previous; coming before.

2. Former, previous.

Usage notes

• The etymological antonym is ulterior (from Latin; compare primate/ultimate for “first/last”). This is now no longer used, however, and there is no corresponding antonym. Typically either subsequent or posterior is used, but these form different pairs – precedent/subsequent and anterior/posterior – and are more formal than prior. When an opposing pair is needed, these can be used, or other pairs such as former/latter or previous/next.

Synonyms

• anterior
• See also Thesaurus:former

Antonyms

• posterior

Derived terms

• prior to

Related terms

• priority

Translations

Adverb

prior (comparative more prior, superlative most prior)

1. (colloquial) Previously.

   Synonyms: ago, hitherto

Translations

Noun

prior (plural priors)

1. A high-ranking member of a monastery, usually lower in rank than an abbot.
2. (historical) A chief magistrate in Italy.
3. (US, law enforcement) A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's record. [from 19th c.]
   • 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, p. 53:

     ‘And a little later we get the routine report on his prints from Washington, and he's got a prior back in Indiana, attempted hold-up six years ago.’

4. (statistics, Bayesian inference) A prior probability distribution, one based on information or belief before additional data is collected. [from 20th c.]

Synonyms

• (second-in-command to an abbot): provost

Derived terms

Related terms

• priory

Coordinate terms

• (statistics): posterior

Translations

References

• “prior”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin prior.

Noun

prior m (plural priors, feminine priora)

1. prior (a high-ranking member of a monastery)

Related terms

• priorat
• prioritat

Further reading

• “prior” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “prior” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “prior” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “prior” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *pri?s, from earlier *prij?s, from *pri + *-j?s, thus the comparative degree of Old Latin *pri (“before”), from Proto-Italic *pri from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“beyond”), *pro (“before”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?pri.or/, [?p?i?r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?pri.or/, [?p?i??r]

Adjective

prior (neuter prius, superlative pr?mus); third-declension comparative adjective

1. former, prior, previous (preceding in time)
2. the first, the original
3. in front
4. (figuratively) better, superior
5. (substantive, Medieval Latin) abbot, prior

Usage notes

• This adjective has no positive form; rather, it serves as the comparative (prior) and superlative (pr?mus) of the preposition prae. (Compare the preposition post, with comparative posterior and superlative postremus).

Declension

• Third-declension comparative adjective.

Derived terms

• pri?r?s
• prius
• priusquam

Related terms

• pr?mus

Descendants

• ? Catalan: prior
• ? Czech: p?evor
• ? Dutch: prior
• ? English: prior
• ? Finnish: priori
• ? French: prieur
• ? Irish: prióir
• ? Galician: prior
• ? Italian: priore
• ? Middle High German: prior
  • German: Prior
• ? Norwegian Bokmål: priori
• ? Polish: przeor
• ? Romanian: prior
• ? Russian: ????? (prior)
• ? Spanish: prior

References

• prior in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• prior in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• prior in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• prior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin prior.

Noun

prior m (plural priores, feminine priora, feminine plural prioras)

1. prior (a high-ranking member of a monastery)

Derived terms

• priorazgo

Related terms

• prioridad
• priorato

Further reading

• “prior” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Etymology

From Middle English antecedent, borrowed from Old French antecedent, from Latin antec?d?ns (“going before”), from antec?d? (“to precede; excel; surpass”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ant??si?d?nt/

Adjective

antecedent (not comparable)

1. Earlier, either in time or in order.

   an event antecedent to the Biblical Flood

   an antecedent cause

2. Presumptive.

   an antecedent improbability

Derived terms

• antecedently

Related terms

• antecede
• antecedence

Translations

Noun

antecedent (plural antecedents)

1. Any thing that precedes another thing, especially the cause of the second thing.
2. An ancestor.
   • 1931, H. P. Lovecraft, The Whisperer in Darkness, chapter 3:

     The Boston agent added that this clerk was a young man of wholly unquestioned veracity and reliability, of known antecedents and long with the company.

3. (grammar) A word, phrase or clause referred to by a pronoun.
   • H. W. Fowler, A Dictionary of Modern English Usage

     [W]hereas it might seem orderly that, as who is appropriated to persons, so that should have been appropriated to things […] the antecedent of that is often personal.

   • One such condition can be formulated in terms of the c-command relation defined in (9) above: the relevant condition is given in (16) below:
     (16) C-COMMAND CONDITION ON ANAPHORS
     An anaphor must have an appropriate c-commanding antecedent

4. (logic) The conditional part of a hypothetical proposition, i.e. ${\displaystyle p\rightarrow q}$, where ${\displaystyle p}$ is the antecedent, and ${\displaystyle q}$ is the consequent.
5. (logic) The first of two subsets of a sequent, consisting of all the sequent's formulae which are valuated as true.

   (Can we add an example for this sense?)

6. (mathematics) The first term of a ratio, i.e. the term a in the ratio a:b, the other being the consequent.
7. (chiefly in the plural) Previous principles, conduct, history, etc.

Synonyms

• (something which precedes): precedent, precursor
• (an ancestor): ascendant, ascendent, forebear, forefather, forerunner, predecessor, progenitor

Antonyms

• (in logic): consequent, (for sequents) succedent
• (in linguistics): anaphor

Holonyms

• conditional
• See Thesaurus:argument form

Translations

See also

• juxtaposition

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from French antecédent, from Latin antec?d?ns (“go before”), from antec?dere (“to go or come before”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?n.t?.s??d?nt/
• Hyphenation: an?te?ce?dent
• Rhymes: -?nt

Noun

antecedent n (plural antecedenten, diminutive antecedentje n)

1. antecedent (thing that precedes; prior fact, background fact)
2. (linguistics) antecedent (referent of a word, esp. of a pronoun)
3. (logic) antecedent (condition part of a proposition)

Antonyms

• (logic): (consequent)
• (linguistics): (anafoor)

Latin

Verb

antec?dent

1. third-person plural future active indicative of antec?d?

[[Category:ante- +?]]

Romanian

Etymology

From French antécédent, from Latin antecedens.

Adjective

antecedent m or n (feminine singular antecedent?, masculine plural anteceden?i, feminine and neuter plural antecedente)

1. antecedent

Declension