different between primitive vs extinct

English

Alternative forms

• primative (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old French primitif, from Latin pr?mit?vus (“first or earliest of its kind”), from pr?mus (“first”); see prime. Doublet of primitivo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p??m?t?v/
• Rhymes: -?m?t?v
• Hyphenation: prim?i?tive

Noun

primitive (plural primitives)

1. (linguistics) An original or primary word; a word not derived from another, as opposed to derivative.
2. A member of a primitive society.
3. A simple-minded person.
4. (computing, programming) A data type that is built into the programming language, as opposed to more complex structures.
5. (computing, programming) Any of the simplest elements (instructions, statements, etc.) available in a programming language.
6. A basic geometric shape from which more complex shapes can be constructed.
7. (mathematics) A function whose derivative is a given function; an antiderivative.

Synonyms

• word: primitive word, radical, radical word

Translations

Adjective

primitive (comparative more primitive, superlative most primitive)

1. Of or pertaining to the beginning or origin, or to early times; original; primordial; primeval; first.

2. Of or pertaining to or harking back to a former time; old-fashioned; characterized by simplicity.

   Synonym: backwards
3. (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) Crude, obsolete.

   primitive ideas

4. (grammar) Original; primary; radical; not derived.

   Synonym: radical

   Antonyms: derivative, derived

   • 1831, Noah Webster, Rudiments of English Grammar; Being an Abridgment of the Improved Grammar of the English Language, New-Haven, p.6:

     Division of words. Words are primitive or radical, and derivative or compound.

     Of primitive words. Primitive or radical words are such as cannot be divided, or separated into parts which are significant; as man, hope, bless.

5. (biology) Occurring in or characteristic of an early stage of development or evolution.
6. (mathematics) Not derived from another of the same type

   Synonym: imprimitive

7. (linguistics, dated) most recent common ancestor (often hypothetical) of

   Synonym: proto-

   • 1933, Leonard Bloomfield, Language, Henry Holt, p. 13

     We infer that other groups of related languages, such as the Germanic (or the Slavic or the Celtic), which show a similar resemblance, have arisen in the same way; it is only an accident of history that for these groups we have no written records of the earlier state of the language, as it was spoken before the differentiation set in. To these unrecorded languages we give names like Primitive Germanic (Primitive Slavic, Primitive Celtic, and so on).

Derived terms

• multiprimitive
• primitiveness

Translations

References

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?i.mi.tiv/

Etymology 1

See the etymology of the main entry.

Adjective

primitive

1. feminine singular of primitif

Etymology 2

By ellipsis of [fonction] primitive.

Noun

primitive f (plural primitives)

1. (mathematics) antiderivative

   Antonym: dérivée

See also

• intégrale

Further reading

• “primitive” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Pronunciation

Adjective

primitive

1. inflection of primitiv:
   1. strong/mixed nominative/accusative feminine singular
   2. strong nominative/accusative plural
   3. weak nominative all-gender singular
   4. weak accusative feminine/neuter singular

Italian

Adjective

primitive

1. feminine plural of primitivo

Latin

Adjective

pr?mit?ve

1. vocative masculine singular of pr?mit?vus

Norwegian Bokmål

Adjective

primitive

1. definite singular of primitiv
2. plural of primitiv

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

primitive

1. definite singular of primitiv
2. plural of primitiv

English

Etymology

Recorded since 1432; borrowed from Latin extinctus, the past participle of extinguere (“to put out, destroy, abolish, extinguish”), corresponding to ex- + stinguere (“to quench”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?k?st??kt/, /?k?st??kt/
• Rhymes: -??kt

Adjective

extinct (not comparable)

1. (dated) Extinguished, no longer alight (of fire, candles etc.)

   Poor Edward's cigarillo was already extinct.

2. No longer used; obsolete, discontinued.

   The title became extinct when the last baron died.

   Luckily, such ideas about race are extinct in current sociological theory.

   • Indeed the very fact that the English spelling system writes in there as two words but therein as one word might be taken as suggesting that only the former is a productive syntactic construction in Modern English, the latter being a now extinct construction which has left behind a few fossil remnants in the form of compound words such as thereby.

3. (of a group of organisms, as a species) No longer in existence; having died out.

4. (geology) No longer active.

Synonyms

• (no longer used): See also Thesaurus:obsolete
• (having died out): See also Thesaurus:inexistent
• (volcanology: no longer erupting): dead

Antonyms

• (no longer alight): burning
• (having died out): extant; See also Thesaurus:existent
• (volcanology: no longer erupting): active, dormant

Related terms

• extinction
• extinctive
• extinguish
• distinct

Translations

Further reading

• extinct at OneLook Dictionary Search
• extinct in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• extinct in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Verb

extinct (third-person singular simple present extincts, present participle extincting, simple past and past participle extincted)

1. (transitive, nonstandard) To make extinct; to extinguish or annihilate.