different between precedent vs study

English

Alternative forms

• præcedent (archaic)

Etymology

From Middle French, from Old French, from Latin praec?d?ns, present participle of praec?dere (“to precede”); See precede.

Pronunciation

Adjective:

• IPA^(key): /p???si?.d?nt/

Noun:

• (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada) enPR: pr?s??-d?nt, IPA^(key): /?p??s.?.d?nt/
• (General Australian, Ireland) IPA^(key): /?p?i?.s?.d?nt/, /?p??s-/
• (General New Zealand) IPA^(key): /?p?es.?.d?nt/, /?p?i?-/, /?p??s-/

Noun

precedent (plural precedents)

1. An act in the past which may be used as an example to help decide the outcome of similar instances in the future.
   • 1594, Richard Hooker, Of the Lawes of Ecclesiastical Politie

     Examples for cases can but direct as precedents only.

2. (law) A decided case which is cited or used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent case.
3. An established habit or custom.
4. (obsolete, with definite article) The aforementioned (thing).
   • , New York 2001, p.74:

     A third argument may be derived from the precedent.

5. The previous version.
6. (obsolete) A rough draught of a writing which precedes a finished copy.

Coordinate terms

• (a case used as an example to justify a judgment in a subsequent one): case law

Derived terms

Translations

Adjective

precedent (not comparable)

1. Happening or taking place earlier in time; previous or preceding. [from 14th c.]
2. (now rare) Coming before in a particular order or arrangement; preceding, foregoing. [from 15th c.]

Translations

Verb

precedent (third-person singular simple present precedents, present participle precedenting, simple past and past participle precedented)

1. (transitive, law) To provide precedents for.
2. (transitive, law) To be a precedent for.

See also

• stare decisis

Anagrams

• precented

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin praec?d?ns.

Adjective

precedent (masculine and feminine plural precedents)

1. previous, preceding

Noun

precedent m (plural precedents)

1. precedent

Related terms

• precedència
• precedir

Further reading

• “precedent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “precedent” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “precedent” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “precedent” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

Noun

precedent m

1. precedent (past act used as example)

Synonyms

• precedens

Related terms

• See cese

Further reading

• precedent in Kartotéka Novo?eského lexikálního archivu
• precedent in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French precedent. First attested in the 16th century.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pre?.se??d?nt/, /?pre?.s??d?nt/
• Hyphenation: pre?ce?dent
• Rhymes: -?nt

Noun

precedent n (plural precedenten)

1. precedent

Derived terms

• precedentwerking

Old French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin praec?d?ns. Compare Middle French preceder.

Adjective

precedent m (oblique and nominative feminine singular precedent or precedente)

1. preceding; that comes before

Romanian

Etymology

From French précédent.

Noun

precedent n (plural preceden?i)

1. precedent

Declension

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?st?di/
• Rhymes: -?di

Etymology 1

From Middle English studien, from Old French estudier (Modern French étudier) from Medieval Latin studi?re and Latin stud?re, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”). Displaced native Old English cneordlæcan.

Verb

study (third-person singular simple present studies, present participle studying, simple past and past participle studied)

1. (usually academic) To review materials already learned in order to make sure one does not forget them, usually in preparation for an examination.

2. (academic) To take a course or courses on a subject.

3. To acquire knowledge on a subject with the intention of applying it in practice.

4. To look at minutely.

5. To fix the mind closely upon a subject; to dwell upon anything in thought; to muse; to ponder.
   • July 10, 1732, Jonathan Swift, letter to Mr. Gay and The Duchess of Queensberry

     I found a moral first, and studied for a fable.

6. To endeavor diligently; to be zealous.

   • And that ye study to be quiet, and to do your own business, and to work with your own hands, as we commanded you […]

Conjugation

Synonyms

• con
• elucubrate
• research
• revise
• swot

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English studie, from Old French estudie (Modern French étude), from Latin studium (“zeal, dedication, study”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tewd- (“to push, hit”). Doublet of studio.

Noun

study (countable and uncountable, plural studies)

1. Mental effort to acquire knowledge or learning.
   • 1661, John Fell, The Life of the most learned, reverend and pious Dr. H. Hammond

     During the whole time of his abode in the university he generally spent thirteen hours of the day in study; by which assiduity besides an exact dispatch of the whole course of philosophy, he read over in a manner all classic authors that are extant […]

   • 1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations

     Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.
2. The act of studying or examining; examination.
3. Any particular branch of learning that is studied; any object of attentive consideration.
   • 1762, Edmund Law, An extract from A serious call to a devout and holy life

     The Holy Scriptures, especially the New Testament, are her daily study.
5. A room in a house intended for reading and writing; traditionally the private room of the male head of household.

   • his cheery little study

6. An artwork made in order to practise or demonstrate a subject or technique.

7. The human face, bearing an expression which the observer finds amusingly typical of a particular emotion or state of mind.

8. (music) A piece for special practice; an étude.
9. (academic) An academic publication.

10. One who commits a theatrical part to memory.
11. (obsolete) A state of mental perplexity or worried thought.
12. (archaic) Thought, as directed to a specific purpose; one's concern.

Synonyms

• (private male room): cabinet, closet (archaic)

Hyponyms

• See also Thesaurus:study

Coordinate terms

• (private male room): boudoir (female equivalent)

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

References

Anagrams

• Dusty, Dutys, Duyst, dusty