different between postulate vs noumenon

English

Etymology

From Medieval Latin postul?t- (“asked”), from the verb postul?re (“to ask”), from Latin postul? (“request”).

Pronunciation

Noun

• (UK) enPR: p?s?tyo?o-l?t IPA^(key): /?p?stj?l?t/
• (US) enPR: p?s?ch?-l?t, p?s?ch?-l?t', IPA^(key): /?p?st??l?t/, /?p?st???le?t/
• Hyphenation: pos?tu?late

Adjective

• (UK) enPR: p?s?tyo?o-l?t IPA^(key): /?p?stj?l?t/
• (US) enPR: p?s?ch?-l?t, IPA^(key): /?p?st??l?t/
• Hyphenation: pos?tu?late

Verb

• (UK) enPR: p?s?tyo?o-l?t IPA^(key): /?p?stj?le?t/
• (US) enPR: p?s?ch?-l?t' IPA^(key): /?p?st???le?t/
• Hyphenation: pos?tu?late

Noun

postulate (plural postulates)

1. Something assumed without proof as being self-evident or generally accepted, especially when used as a basis for an argument. Sometimes distinguished from axioms as being relevant to a particular science or context, rather than universally true, and following from other axioms rather than being an absolute assumption.
2. A fundamental element; a basic principle.
3. (logic) An axiom.
4. A requirement; a prerequisite.

Derived terms

• parallel postulate
• universal postulate

Translations

Adjective

postulate (not comparable)

1. Postulated.

Verb

postulate (third-person singular simple present postulates, present participle postulating, simple past and past participle postulated)

1. To assume as a truthful or accurate premise or axiom, especially as a basis of an argument.
   • 1883, Benedictus de Spinoza, translated by R. H. M. Elwes, Ethics, Part 3, Prop. XXII,

     But this pleasure or pain is postulated to come to us accompanied by the idea of an external cause; […]

   • 1911, Encyclopædia Britannica, "Infinite",

     [T]he attempt to arrive at a physical explanation of existence led the Ionian thinkers to postulate various primal elements or simply the infinite ?? ???????.

2. (transitive, intransitive, Christianity, historical) To appoint or request one's appointment to an ecclesiastical office.
   • 1874, John Small (ed.), The Poetical Works of Gavin Douglas, Bishop of Dunkeld, Vol 1, p. xvi

     [A]lthough Douglas was postulated to it [the Abbacy of Arbroath], and signed letters and papers under this designation his nomination […] was never completed.

3. (transitive, intransitive, obsolete) To request, demand or claim for oneself.

Derived terms

• postulation
• postulational

Translations

Anagrams

• attopulse

Italian

Verb

postulate

1. second-person plural present indicative of postulare
2. second-person plural imperative of postulare
3. feminine plural of postulato

Latin

Verb

postul?te

1. second-person plural present active imperative of postul?

English

Etymology

From German Noumenon, from Ancient Greek ????????? (nooúmenon, “thing that is known”), passive present participle of ???? (noé?, “I know”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?nu?m?n?n/, /?na?m?n?n/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?num?n?n/

Noun

noumenon (plural noumena)

1. (from Kantian philosophy on) A thing as it is independent of any conceptualization or perception by the human mind, postulated by practical reason but existing in a condition which is in principle unknowable and unexperienceable.

   Synonym: thing-in-itself

   Antonym: phenomenon

Related terms

• noumenal

Translations

Further reading

• noumenon on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

References

• noumenon in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• “noumenon” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.
• “noumenon”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–present.
• William Turner (1911) , “philosophy of Immanuel Kant”, in The Catholic Encyclopedia?^[1], New York: Robert Appleton Company
• Simon Blackburn (1996) The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, Oxford University Press
• Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, 1989
• Random House Webster's Unabridged Electronic Dictionary, 1987–1996
• Dagobert D. Runes (ed.) (1962) Dictionary of Philosophy, Philosophical Library, page 215