different between polish vs reform
polish
English
Etymology
From Middle English polishen, from Old French poliss-, stem of some of the conjugated forms of polir, from Latin pol?re (“to polish, make smooth”).
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: p?'l?sh, IPA(key): /?p?l??/
- (US) enPR: pä'l?sh, IPA(key): /?p?l??/
Noun
polish (countable and uncountable, plural polishes)
- A substance used to polish.
- Cleanliness; smoothness, shininess.
- Refinement; cleanliness in performance or presentation.
Synonyms
- (substance): wax
- (smoothness, shininess): finish, sheen, shine, shininess, smoothness
- (cleanliness in performance or presentation): class, elegance, panache, refinement, style
Derived terms
- depolish
- expolish
- repolish
Related terms
- polissoir
Translations
See also
- apple-polish
- French polish
- furniture polish
- glacial polish
- nail polish
- polish remover
- shoe polish
- spit and polish
- stove polish
- varnish polish
Verb
polish (third-person singular simple present polishes, present participle polishing, simple past and past participle polished)
- (transitive) To shine; to make a surface very smooth or shiny by rubbing, cleaning, or grinding.
- (transitive) To refine; remove imperfections from.
- 1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations
- Study gives strength to the mind; conversation, grace: the first apt to give stiffness, the other suppleness: one gives substance and form to the statue, the other polishes it.
- 1699, William Temple, Heads designed for an essay on conversations
- (transitive) To apply shoe polish to shoes.
- (intransitive) To become smooth, as from friction; to receive a gloss; to take a smooth and glossy surface.
- a. 1626, Francis Bacon, Inquisitions touching the compounding of metals
- The other [gold], whether it will polish so well Wherein for the latter [brass] it is probable it will
- a. 1626, Francis Bacon, Inquisitions touching the compounding of metals
- (transitive) To refine; to wear off the rudeness, coarseness, or rusticity of; to make elegant and polite.
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Milton to this entry?)
Synonyms
- (to make smooth and shiny by rubbing): wax, shine, buff, furbish, burnish, smooth, bone
- (refine): hone, perfect, refine
Derived terms
- polishable
- polished
- polisher
- polishing
- polishment
- polishure
- repolish
- unpolish
Related terms
- polite
Translations
See also
- interpolish
- polish off
- polish up, polish up on
Further reading
- polish in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- polish in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- polish at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- Hislop, philos
polish From the web:
- what polishes silver
- what polishes brass
- what polish to use on epoxy
- what polish to use on golf clubs
- what polishes copper
- what polishes stainless steel
- what polish remover for gel nails
- what polish to use after wet sanding
reform
English
Etymology
Borrowed from Old French reformer, from Latin reformo, reformare. As a noun since 1660s, from French réforme.
Pronunciation
- ("to form again"):
- (General American) IPA(key): /??i??f??m/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??i??f??m/
- (other senses):
- (General American) IPA(key): /???f??m/, /???f??m/
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /???f??m/
- Rhymes: -??(?)m
Noun
reform (countable and uncountable, plural reforms)
- The change of something that is defective, broken, inefficient or otherwise negative, in order to correct or improve it
- 19 February 2011, Barack Obama, Presidential Weekly Address, America Will Win the Future
- ...over the past two years, my administration has made education a top priority. We’ve launched a competition called “Race to the Top” – a reform that is lifting academic standards and getting results; not because Washington dictated the answers, but because states and local schools pursued innovative solutions.
- 19 February 2011, Barack Obama, Presidential Weekly Address, America Will Win the Future
Synonyms
- reformation
- amendment
- rectification
- correction
Derived terms
- monetary reform
Related terms
- reformation
Translations
Verb
reform (third-person singular simple present reforms, present participle reforming, simple past and past participle reformed)
- (transitive) To put into a new and improved form or condition; to restore to a former good state, or bring from bad to good; to change from worse to better
- 15 January 2018, Adebisi Onanuga and Robert Egbe in The Nation, ‘How we stopped DPP’s office from being used to settle scores’
- In this interview with Law Editors and Correspondents, he speaks on the gains of reforming the Directorate of Public Prosecutions (DPP), efforts to keep underage persons out of jail.
- 1909, H. G. Wells, The History of Mr. Polly Chapter 9
- to reform a profligate man; to reform corrupt manners or morals; to reform a criminal
- “There was always something a bit wrong with him,” she said, “but nothing you mightn’t have hoped for, not till they took him and carried him off and reformed him"
- 15 January 2018, Adebisi Onanuga and Robert Egbe in The Nation, ‘How we stopped DPP’s office from being used to settle scores’
- (intransitive) To return to a good state; to amend or correct one's own character or habits
- (transitive, intransitive) To form again or in a new configuration.
- This product contains reformed meat.
Synonyms
- (put into a better condition): amend, correct, rectify, mend, repair, better, improve, restore, reclaim
Translations
References
reform in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- Wells, John, Longman Pronunciation Dictionary, ?ISBN, page 640
Further reading
- "reform" in Raymond Williams, Keywords (revised), 1983, Fontana Press, page 262.
Anagrams
- former
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /re?f?rm/, [???f??m]
Noun
reform c (singular definite reformen, plural indefinite reformer)
- reform
Declension
References
- “reform” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “reform” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
Hungarian
Etymology
From English reform and German Reform, from French réforme.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [?r?form]
- Hyphenation: re?form
- Rhymes: -orm
Noun
reform (plural reformok)
- reform
- Synonym: újítás
Declension
References
Further reading
- reform in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From French réforme
Noun
reform m (definite singular reformen, indefinite plural reformer, definite plural reformene)
- reform
Related terms
- reformere
References
- “reform” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From French réforme
Noun
reform f (definite singular reforma, indefinite plural reformer, definite plural reformene)
- reform
References
- “reform” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /re?f?rm/
Noun
reform c
- reform
Declension
Related terms
- högskolereform
- reformation
- reformator
- reformatorisk
- reformera
- reformist
- reformistisk
- reformutrymme
- stavningsreform
References
- reform in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)
Anagrams
- former
Turkish
Etymology
From French réforme.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /???fo?m/
Noun
reform (definite accusative reformu, plural reformlar)
- reform
Further reading
- reform in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu
reform From the web:
- what reforms did napoleon introduce
- what reforms were popular in the 1800s
- what reformation means
- what reforms did abbas weegy
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