different between plump vs rough

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pl?mp/
• Rhymes: -?mp

Etymology 1

From Middle English plump, plompe, a borrowing from Middle Dutch plomp or Middle Low German plump.

Adjective

plump (comparative plumper or more plump, superlative plumpest or most plump)

1. Having a full and rounded shape; chubby, somewhat overweight.
   • 1651, Thomas Carew, To my friend G. N. from Wrest

     The god of wine did his plump clusters bring.

   • 2015, Anton Chekhov, The Life and Genius of Anton Chekhov: Letters, Diary, Reminiscences and Biography: Assorted Collection of Autobiographical Writings of the Renowned Russian Author and Playwright of Uncle Vanya, The Cherry Orchard, The Three Sisters and The Seagull, e-artnow (?ISBN)

     My ideal is to be idle and to love a plump girl.
2. Fat.
3. Sudden and without reservation; blunt; direct; downright.
   • 1898, George Saintsbury, A Short History of English Literature

     After the plump statement that the author was at Erceldoune and spake with Thomas.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:obese

Antonyms

• See also Thesaurus:scrawny

Translations

Verb

plump (third-person singular simple present plumps, present participle plumping, simple past and past participle plumped)

1. (intransitive) To grow plump; to swell out.

   Her cheeks have plumped.

2. (transitive) To make plump; to fill (out) or support; often with up.

   to plump oysters or scallops by placing them in fresh or brackish water

   • to plump up the hollowness of their history with improbable miracles

3. (transitive) To cast or let drop all at once, suddenly and heavily.

   to plump a stone into water

   • 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities

     Although Miss Pross, through her long association with a French family, might have known as much of their language as of her own, if she had had a mind, she had no mind in that direction […] So her manner of marketing was to plump a noun-substantive at the head of a shopkeeper without any introduction in the nature of an article […]

4. (intransitive) To give a plumper (kind of vote).
5. (transitive) To give (a vote), as a plumper.
6. (transitive with for) To favor or decide in favor of something.

Etymology 2

From Middle English plumpen, akin to Middle Dutch plompen, Middle Low German plumpen, German plumpfen.

Verb

plump (third-person singular simple present plumps, present participle plumping, simple past and past participle plumped)

1. (intransitive) To drop or fall suddenly or heavily, all at once.
   • September 24, 1712, The Spectator No. 492, letter from a prude

     Dulcissa plumps into a chair.

Translations

Adverb

plump

1. Directly; suddenly; perpendicularly.

Noun

plump (plural plumps)

1. The sound of a sudden heavy fall.

Etymology 3

From Middle English plump.

Noun

plump (plural plumps)

1. (obsolete) A knot or cluster; a group; a crowd.

References

• plump in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pl?mp/

Adjective

plump (comparative plumper, superlative am plumpesten)

1. crude, clumsy
2. squat, stumpy

Declension

Further reading

• “plump” in Duden online

Irish

Etymology

Onomatopoeic

Pronunciation

• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /p?l???m?p?/

Noun

plump f (genitive singular plumpa, nominative plural plumpanna)

1. Cois Fharraige form of plimp

Declension

Derived terms

• plumpaíl

Mutation

Further reading

• "plump" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p?l?mp]

Adjective

plump

1. big and awkward
2. base, vulgar

English

Alternative forms

• ruff (colloquial)

Etymology

From Middle English rough, rogh, ro?e, row, rou, ru, ru?, ruh, from Old English r?g, r?h, from Proto-Germanic *r?haz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), Saterland Frisian ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau(h) (“rough”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /??f/
• Rhymes: -?f
• Homophone: ruff

Adjective

rough (comparative rougher, superlative roughest)

1. Not smooth; uneven.
   • 1922, Virginia Woolf, Jacob's Room Chapter 1

     The rock was one of those tremendously solid brown, or rather black, rocks which emerge from the sand like something primitive. Rough with crinkled limpet shells and sparsely strewn with locks of dry seaweed, a small boy has to stretch his legs far apart, and indeed to feel rather heroic, before he gets to the top.

2. Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.

3. Turbulent.
   • 1927-29, M.K. Gandhi, The Story of My Experiments with Truth, translated 1940 by Mahadev Desai, Part I, Chapter xii:

     With my mother's permission and blessings, I set off exultantly for Bombay, leaving my wife with a baby of a few months. But on arrival there, friends told my brother that the Indian Ocean was rough in June and July, and as this was my first voyage, I should not be allowed to sail until November.

4. Difficult; trying.

5. Crude; unrefined

6. Violent; not careful or subtle

7. Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.

   • But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song,
     And smooth or rough, with them

8. Not polished; uncut; said of a gem.

9. Harsh-tasting.

10. (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Somewhat ill; sick
11. (chiefly Britain, colloquial, slang) Unwell due to alcohol; hungover

Antonyms

• smooth

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

rough (plural roughs)

1. The unmowed part of a golf course.
2. A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
3. (cricket) A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
4. The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
5. A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
6. (obsolete) Boisterous weather.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Fletcher to this entry?)

7. A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

rough (third-person singular simple present roughs, present participle roughing, simple past and past participle roughed)

1. To create in an approximate form.

2. (ice hockey) To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
3. To render rough; to roughen.
4. To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Crabb to this entry?)

5. To endure primitive conditions.
6. (transitive) To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

Derived terms

Translations

Adverb

rough (comparative more rough, superlative most rough)

1. In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.

Derived terms

• sleep rough