different between plume vs crown

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?plu?m/, (obsolete) /?plju?m/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?plum/
• Rhymes: -u?m

Etymology 1

From Late Middle English plum, plume (“feather; plumage”), from Anglo-Norman plum, plume and Middle French, Old French plume, plome (“plumage; down used for stuffing pillows, etc.; pen, quill”) (modern French plume (“feather; pen, quill; pen nib; (figurative) writer”)), and directly from its etymon Latin pl?ma (“feather; plumage; down”) (compare Late Latin pl?ma (“pen, quill”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly; to flow; to run; to flap with hands; to splash”). The English word is a doublet of pluma.

Noun

plume (plural plumes)

1. (archaic, literary and poetic) A feather of a bird, especially a large or showy one used as a decoration.
2. (archaic, literary and poetic) A cluster of feathers worn as an ornament, especially on a helmet; a hackle.
3. (figuratively) A token of honour or prowess; that on which one prides oneself; a prize or reward.

   Synonym: feather in one's cap
4. The vane (“flattened, web-like part”) of a feather, especially when on a quill pen or the fletching of an arrow.
5. Short for plume moth (“a small, slender moth of the family Pterophoridae”).
6. Things resembling a feather.
   1. A cloud formed by a dispersed substance fanning out or spreading.

   2. An upward spray of mist or water.
   3. (astronomy) An arc of glowing material (chiefly gases) erupting from the surface of a star.
   4. (botany) A large and flexible panicle of an inflorescence resembling a feather, such as is seen in certain large ornamental grasses.
   5. (geology) Short for mantle plume (“an upwelling of abnormally hot molten material from the Earth's mantle which spreads sideways when it reaches the lithosphere”).
   6. (zoology) A body part resembling a feather.
      1. The furry tail of certain dog breeds (such as the Samoyed) that curls over their backs or stands erect.
      2. More fully gill plume: a feathery gill of some crustaceans and molluscs.

Derived terms

Related terms

• plumage
• plumaged

Translations

Etymology 2

Sense 1 (“to adorn, cover, or furnish with feathers or plumes”) is derived from Anglo-Norman plumer (“to cover with or provide with feathers”), or its etymon Latin pl?m?re, the present active infinitive of pl?m? (“to grow feathers, to fledge; to cover with feathers, to feather; to embroider with a feathery pattern”) (and compare Late Latin pl?m? (“to attach feathers to arrows; of a hawk: to pluck the feathers from prey; (figurative) to celebrate, praise”)), from pl?ma (“feather; plumage; down”) (see etymology 1) + -? (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).

Senses 2–4 (“to arrange and preen the feathers of; to congratulate (oneself) proudly; to strip of feathers”) are from Late Middle English plumen (“to remove the feathers from a bird; of a hawk: to pluck the feathers or the head from prey”) [and other forms], from Anglo-Norman and Middle French plumer (“to remove the feathers from a bird; to pull out (hairs, especially from a moustache); to rob”), from pl?ma (see etymology 1).

Sense 5 (“to fan out or spread in a cloud”) is derived from plume (noun).

Verb

plume (third-person singular simple present plumes, present participle pluming, simple past and past participle plumed)

1. (transitive, also figuratively) To adorn, cover, or furnish with feathers or plumes, or as if with feathers or plumes.

   Synonyms: feather, fledge

2. (transitive, reflexive) Chiefly of a bird: to arrange and preen the feathers of, specifically in preparation for flight; hence (figuratively), to prepare for (something).
3. (transitive, reflexive, by extension) To congratulate (oneself) proudly, especially concerning something unimportant or when taking credit for another person's effort; to self-congratulate.

   • pride and plume himself in his Deformities
4. (transitive, archaic) To strip (a bird) of feathers; to pluck.

   Synonym: unplume

   • the king cared not to plume his nobility

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Dryden to this entry?)

   1. (by extension) To peel, to strip completely; to pillage; also, to deprive of power.
   2. (falconry, obsolete) Of a hawk: to pluck the feathers from prey.
5. (intransitive) Of a dispersed substance such as dust or smoke: to fan out or spread in a cloud.

Conjugation

Derived terms

• plumed (adjective)
• unplume
• unplumed (adjective)

Translations

References

Further reading

• mantle plume on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• plume (feather) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• plume (fluid dynamics) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

French

Etymology

From Old French plume, from Latin pl?ma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plym/

Noun

plume f (plural plumes)

1. feather
2. quill
3. nib, the writing end of a fountain pen or a dip pen
4. (dated) writer, penman

Derived terms

Descendants

• English: plume
• Rade: plim

Verb

plume

1. inflection of plumer:
   1. first/third-person singular present indicative
   2. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   3. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• plume on the French Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^fr
• “plume” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin pl?ma.

Noun

plume f (plural plumis)

1. plume, feather

   Synonym: pene

Old English

Alternative forms

• pl?me

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *pl?m?, from Latin pr?num.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?plu?.me/

Noun

pl?me f

1. plum

Declension

Derived terms

Descendants

• Middle English: plomme, ploume, plum, plumbe, plumme, plowme, ploumme, plome
  • English: plum (see there for further descendants)
  • Scots: ploom, ploum
• ? Irish: pluma

Old French

Etymology

From Latin pl?ma.

Noun

plume f (oblique plural plumes, nominative singular plume, nominative plural plumes)

1. feather; plume

Descendants

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English coroune, croune, crowne, from Anglo-Norman coroune, curune, corone (French couronne), from Latin cor?na (“garland, crown, wreath”), from Ancient Greek ?????? (kor?n?). Doublet of corona. Displaced Middle English: beigh, bei?, b?, bi?, by fromOld English b?ag (“crown, garland, necklace”).

• (paper size): So called because originally watermarked with a crown.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation, US) IPA^(key): /k?a?n/
• Rhymes: -a?n

Noun

crown (plural crowns)

1. A royal, imperial or princely headdress; a diadem.

   Synonyms: coronet, diadem

2. A wreath or band for the head, especially one given as reward of victory or a mark of honor.

   Synonyms: garland, wreath

3. (by extension) Any reward of victory or mark of honor.

   Synonyms: award, garland, honor, prize, wreath

4. Imperial or regal power, or those who wield it.

   Synonyms: monarchy, royalty

5. (metonymically) The sovereign (in a monarchy), as head of state.
6. (by extension, especially in law) The state, the government (headed by a monarch).
7. The top part of something:
   1. The topmost part of the head.

      Synonyms: apex, top
   2. The highest part of a hill.

      Synonyms: apex, peak, summit, top

      Antonyms: base, bottom, foot
   3. The top section of a hat, above the brim.
   4. The raised centre of a road.
   5. The highest part of an arch.
   6. The upper range of facets in a rose diamond.
   7. The dome of a furnace.
   8. The upper part of certain fruits, as the pineapple or strawberry, that is removed before eating.
8. (architecture) A kind of spire or lantern formed by converging flying buttresses.
9. Splendor; culmination; acme.

   Synonyms: completion, culmination, finish, splendor
10. Any currency (originally) issued by the crown (regal power) and often bearing a crown (headdress); (translation) various currencies known by similar names in their native languages, such as the koruna, kruna, krone, korona.
11. (historical) A former pre-decimalization British coin worth five shillings.

    Synonyms: caser, tusheroon, tush, tosheroon, tosh, bull, caroon, thick-un, coachwheel, cartwheel

    • 1859, J.C. Hotten, A Dictionary of Modern Slang, Cant, and Vulgar Words:

      Half-a-crown is known as an alderman, half a bull, half a tusheroon, and a madza caroon; whilst a crown piece, or five shillings, may be called either a bull, or a caroon, or a cartwheel, or a coachwheel, or a thick-un, or a tusheroon.

12. (botany) The part of a plant where the root and stem meet.
13. (forestry) The top of a tree.
14. (anatomy) The part of a tooth above the gums.

    Synonym: corona

15. (dentistry) A prosthetic covering for a tooth.

    Synonyms: dental crown, dental cap

16. (nautical) A knot formed in the end of a rope by tucking in the strands to prevent them from unravelling
17. (nautical) The part of an anchor where the arms and the shank meet
18. (nautical) The rounding, or rounded part, of the deck from a level line.
19. (nautical, in the plural) The bights formed by the turns of a cable.

    (Can we find and add a quotation of Totten to this entry?)

20. (paper) In England, a standard size of printing paper measuring 20 × 15 inches.
21. (paper) In American, a standard size of writing paper measuring 19 × 15 inches.
22. (chemistry) A monocyclic ligand having three or more binding sites, capable of holding a guest in a central location
23. (medicine) During childbirth, the appearance of the baby's head from the mother's vagina
    • 2007, David Schottke, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, First Responder: Your First Response in Emergency Care, page 385

      You will see the baby's head crowning during contractions, at which time you must prepare to assist the mother in the delivery of the baby.

24. (firearms) A rounding or smoothing of the barrel opening
25. (geometry) The area enclosed between two concentric perimeters.
26. (religion) A round spot shaved clean on the top of the head, as a mark of the clerical state; the tonsure.
27. A whole bird with the legs and wings removed to produce a joint of white meat.
28. (African-American Vernacular, colloquial) A formal hat worn by women to Sunday church services; a church crown.
29. The knurled knob or dial, on the outside of a watch case, used to wind it or adjust the hands.

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (kuraun)
• ? Maori: karauna

Translations

Adjective

crown (not comparable)

1. Of, related to, or pertaining to a crown.

2. Of, related to, pertaining to the top of a tree or trees.

Translations

Verb

crown (third-person singular simple present crowns, present participle crowning, simple past and past participle crowned)

1. To place a crown on the head of.
2. To formally declare (someone) a king, queen, emperor, etc.
   • 1665, John Dryden, The Indian Emperour

     Her who fairest does appear,
     Crown her queen of all the year.

3. To bestow something upon as a mark of honour, dignity, or recompense; to adorn; to dignify.

   • Thou […] hast crowned him with glory and honour.

4. To form the topmost or finishing part of; to complete; to consummate; to perfect.
   • 1856, John Lothrop Motley, The Rise of the Dutch Republic

     To crown the whole, came a proposition.

5. To declare (someone) a winner.
6. (medicine) Of a baby, during the birthing process; for the surface of the baby's head to appear in the vaginal opening.
   • 2010 Scott Gallagher Dancing Upon the Shore pg 157

     He's crowning . . . His head's coming through

7. (transitive) To cause to round upward; to make anything higher at the middle than at the edges, such as the face of a machine pulley.
8. To hit on the head.
9. (video games) To shoot an opponent in the back of the head with a shotgun in a first-person shooter video game.
10. (board games) In checkers, to stack two checkers to indicate that the piece has become a king.

11. (firearms) To widen the opening of the barrel.
12. (military) To effect a lodgment upon, as upon the crest of the glacis, or the summit of the breach.
13. (nautical) To lay the ends of the strands of (a knot) over and under each other.
14. (slang) being about to take a poop (usually trying to hold it in, derived from obstetric use: metaphor of "giving birth" to solid poo)

    Synonym: grow a tail

    • 2020, Eddy Keymolen, amerikanischen Umgangssprache page 148

      Where's the bathroom, I'm crowning here!

Derived terms

• crowned

Translations

See also

• coronation
• ????

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k?o?n/
• Rhymes: -o?n

Verb

crown

1. (archaic) past participle of crow
   • 1823, Byron, Don Juan

     The cock had crown.

Middle English

Noun

crown

1. Alternative form of coroune