different between plane vs true

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ple?n/, [p?l?e?n]
• Rhymes: -e?n
• Homophone: plain

Etymology 1

From Latin pl?num (“flat surface”), a noun use of the neuter of pl?nus (“plain”). The word was introduced in the 17th century to distinguish the geometrical senses from the other senses of plain. Doublet of llano, piano, and plain.

Adjective

plane (comparative planer, superlative planest)

1. Of a surface: flat or level.

Translations

Noun

plane (plural planes)

1. A level or flat surface.
2. (geometry) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane).
   1. (anatomy) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions.
3. A level of existence or development.

4. A roughly flat, thin, often moveable structure used to create lateral force by the flow of air or water over its surface, found on aircraft, submarines, etc. (Compare wing, airfoil, hydrofoil.)
5. (computing, Unicode) Any of 17 designated ranges of 2¹⁶ (65,536) sequential code points each.

Hyponyms

• (mathematics): real plane, complex plane
• (anatomy): coronal plane, frontal plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane
• (control surface): diving plane
• (Unicode): BMP, PUP, SIP, SMP, SPUA, SSP, supplementary plane, TIP

Derived terms

Related terms

• plain
• planar
• planate

Descendants

• ? Irish: plána

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English plane, plaine, from Anglo-Norman plaine, from Late Latin pl?na (“planing tool”).

Noun

plane (plural planes)

1. (countable) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface.

Translations

See also

• rhykenologist

Verb

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)

1. (transitive) To smooth (wood) with a plane.

Translations

Etymology 3

Clipping of aeroplane.

Noun

plane (plural planes)

1. An airplane; an aeroplane.
2. (entomology) Any of various nymphalid butterflies, of various genera, having a slow gliding flight.

   Synonym: aeroplane

3. (entomology) The butterfly Bindahara phocides, family Lycaenidae, of Asia and Australasia.

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

plane (third-person singular simple present planes, present participle planing, simple past and past participle planed)

1. (nautical) To move in a way that lifts the bow of a boat out of the water.
2. To glide or soar.

Translations

Etymology 4

From Middle English plane, borrowed from Old French plane, from Latin platanus, from Ancient Greek ???????? (plátanos), from ?????? (platús, “wide, broad”).

Noun

plane (plural planes)

2. (countable) A deciduous tree of the genus Platanus.
3. (Northern UK) A sycamore.

Derived terms

• oriental plane

Translations

Further reading

• Plane on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• Alpen, Nepal, Palen, palen, panel, penal, plena

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plan/
• Homophone: planes

Adjective

plane

1. feminine singular of plan

Verb

plane

1. first-person singular present indicative of planer
2. third-person singular present indicative of planer
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of planer
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of planer
5. second-person singular imperative of planer

Anagrams

• Népal, pénal

German

Pronunciation

Verb

plane

1. inflection of planen:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. first/third-person singular subjunctive I
   3. singular imperative

Latin

Etymology

From pl?nus (“intelligible, clear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?pla?.ne?/, [?p??ä?ne?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?pla.ne/, [?pl??n?]

Adverb

pl?n? (comparative pl?nius, superlative pl?nissim?)

1. plainly (to the senses or understanding), distinctly, intelligibly
2. (emphasising correctness) clearly, obviously
   1. (also used as an affirmative answer)
3. wholly, utterly, thoroughly, quite

Related terms

• pl?nus

Descendants

• Hungarian: pláne

References

• “pl?n?” on page 1526 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Further reading

• plane in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• plane in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• plane in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• plane in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.

Anagrams

• pl?n?, pl?na

Norwegian Nynorsk

Adjective

plane

1. definite singular of plan
2. plural of plan

Portuguese

Verb

plane

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of planar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of planar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of planar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of planar

Swedish

Adjective

plane

1. absolute definite natural masculine form of plan.

Anagrams

• Nepal, alpen

English

Alternative forms

• trew, trewe (obsolete)
• troo (nonstandard)
• tr00 (leet)

Etymology

From Middle English trewe, from Old English tr?ewe, (Mercian) tr?owe (“trusty, faithful”), from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz (compare Saterland Frisian trjou (“honest”), Dutch getrouw and trouw, German treu, Norwegian and Swedish trygg (“safe, secure’”), from pre-Germanic *drewh?yos, from Proto-Indo-European *drewh?- (“steady, firm”) (compare Irish dearbh (“sure”), Old Prussian druwis (“faith”), Ancient Greek ????? (droón, “firm”)), extension of *dóru (“tree”). More at tree.

For the semantic development, compare Latin robustus (“tough”) from robur (“red oak”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /t?u?/
• (US) enPR: tr?? IPA^(key): /t?u/, [t???ü]
• (archaic) IPA^(key): /t?ju?/
• (now dialectal) IPA^(key): /t????/
• Rhymes: -u?

Adjective

true (comparative truer or more true, superlative truest or most true)

1. (of a statement) Conforming to the actual state of reality or fact; factually correct.
2. Conforming to a rule or pattern; exact; accurate.
3. (logic) Of the state in Boolean logic that indicates an affirmative or positive result.

4. Loyal, faithful.

5. Genuine; legitimate.
6. Used in the designation of group of species, or sometimes a single species, to indicate that it belongs to the clade its common name (which may be more broadly scoped in common speech) is restricted to in technical speech, or to distinguish it from a similar species, the latter of which may be called false.

7. (of an aim or missile in archery, shooting, golf, etc.) Accurate; following a path toward the target.
8. (chiefly probability) Fair, unbiased, not loaded.
   • 1990, William W. S. Wei, Time Series Analysis, ?ISBN, page 8:

     Let ${\displaystyle Z_{t}}$ be twice the value of a true die shown on the ${\displaystyle t}$-th toss.

   • 2006, Judith A. Baer, Leslie Friedman Goldstein, The Constitutional and Legal Rights of Women: Cases in Law and Social Change ?ISBN

     In fact, few profit margins can be predicted with such reliability as those provided by a true roulette wheel or other game of chance.

   • 2012, Peter Sprent, Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Springer Science & Business Media ?ISBN, page 5

     We do not reject, because 9 heads and 3 tails is in a set of reasonably likely results when we toss a true coin.

9. (Of a literary genre) based on actual historical events.

Antonyms

• (of a statement, logic, loyal): false
• untrue

Derived terms

Related terms

• truth

Translations

Adverb

true (not comparable)

1. (of shooting, throwing etc) Accurately.

Translations

Noun

true (countable and uncountable, plural trues)

1. (uncountable) The state of being in alignment.
   • 1904, Lester Gray French, Machinery, Volume 10:

     Some toolmakers are very careless when drilling the first hole through work that is to be bored, claiming that if the drilled hole comes out of true somewhat it can be brought true with the boring tool.

   • 1922, F. Scott Fitzgerald, O Russet Witch! in Tales of the Jazz Age:

     She clapped her hands happily, and he thought how pretty she was really, that is, the upper part of her face—from the bridge of the nose down she was somewhat out of true.

   • 1988, Lois McMaster Bujold, Falling Free, Baen Publishing, ?ISBN, page 96:

     The crate shifted on its pallet, out of sync now. As the lift withdrew, the crate skidded with it, dragged by friction and gravity, skewing farther and farther from true.
2. (uncountable, obsolete) Truth.
3. (countable, obsolete) A pledge or truce.

Derived terms

• in true
• out of true

Translations

Verb

true (third-person singular simple present trues, present participle trueing or truing, simple past and past participle trued)

1. To straighten (of something that is supposed to be straight).

2. To make even, level, symmetrical, or accurate, align; adjust.

Usage notes

• Often followed by up.

Derived terms

• true-up

Translations

Anagrams

• -uret, rute

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga, Proto-Germanic *þr?g?n?, cognate with Swedish truga. The verb is related to Danish trykke and German drücken (“to press”) (= *þrukkijan?), but apparently not to German drohen (“threaten”) (= *þraujan?) or English threaten (= *þraut?n?).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tru??/, [?t???u?u], [?t???o?o]

Verb

true (past tense truede, past participle truet)

1. to threaten

Inflection

Further reading

• “true” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “true” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Middle English

Adjective

true

1. Alternative form of trewe

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (imperative tru, present tense truer, passive trues, simple past and past participle trua or truet)

1. to threaten

Derived terms

• truende
• utrydningstruet

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• trua, truge

Etymology

From Old Norse þrúga

Verb

true (present tense truar, past tense trua, past participle trua, passive infinitive truast, present participle truande, imperative tru)

1. to threaten

Related terms

• trussel

References

• “true” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.