different between pilum vs filum

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin pilum

Noun

pilum (plural pila or pilums)

1. (historical) A Roman military javelin.
   • 1776, Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Penguin 2000, p. 21:

     Besides a lighter spear, the Roman legionary grasped in his right hand the formidable pilum, a ponderous javelin whose utmost length was about six feet and which was terminated by a massy triangular point of steel of about eighteen inches.

   • 2011, Ben Aaronovitch, Rivers of London, Gollancz 2011, p. 371:

     Verica plucked a pilum from the hands of the nearest legionary – the soldier didn't react – and handed it to me.

2. (botany) The columella on the surface of a pollen grain

Translations

References

• pilum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *pistlom, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-tlo-, from *peys- (“to crush”). See pistillum and p?la.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?pi?.lum/, [?pi??????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?pi.lum/, [?pi?lum]

Noun

p?lum n (genitive p?l?); second declension

1. a pounder, pestle
2. a javelin, throwing spear

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Related terms

• p?ns?

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

pilum

1. accusative singular of pilus (“hair”)

References

• pilum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pilum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pilum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
• pilum in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pilum in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

English

Etymology

From Latin f?lum (“thread”). Doublet of file.

Noun

filum (plural fila)

1. (anatomy) a filamentous anatomical structure

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *f?(s)lom, from Proto-Indo-European *g??iH-(s-)lo-. Cognate with Lithuanian gysla.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?fi?.lum/, [?fi??????]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?fi.lum/, [?fi?lum]

Noun

f?lum n (genitive f?l?); second declension

1. thread, string, filament, fiber
2. texture, style, nature
3. wick of a lamp

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Synonyms

• (wick): mergulus

Descendants

• Corsican: filu
• Dalmatian: fil
• Eastern Romance:
  • Aromanian: hir, hjir, hiru
  • Romanian: fir
• Italian: filo, fila
• Old French: fil
  • French: fil
    • ? English: file (“collection of papers”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ? French: file
      • ? English: file (“column of people”)
      • ? Spanish: fila
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: filu
• Old Occitan:
  • Catalan: fil, fila
  • Occitan: fial
• Old Portuguese: fio
  • Galician: fío
  • Portuguese: fio
• Old Spanish: filo
  • Spanish: hilo, filo
    • ? Cebuano: hilo
    • ? Kapampangan: hilo
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: fîl
  • Romansch: fil
• Sardinian: filu, fiu
• Sicilian: filu
• Venetian: fi?o, fil
• ? Albanian: fill
• ? English: filum

Noun

f?lum n

1. accusative singular of f?lum
2. vocative singular of f?lum

References

• filum in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• filum in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• filum in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• filum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette