different between phlegm vs expectorant

English

Etymology

From Middle English flewme, fleume, fleme, from Old French fleume, Middle French flemme (French flegme), and their source, Latin phlegma, from Ancient Greek ?????? (phlégma, “flame; inflammation; clammy humor in the body”), from ??????? (phlégein, “to burn”). Compare phlox, flagrant, flame, bleak (adjective), fulminate. Spelling later altered to resemble the word's Latin and Greek roots.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /fl?m/
• Rhymes: -?m

Noun

phlegm (usually uncountable, plural phlegms)

1. (historical) One of the four humors making up the body in ancient and mediaeval medicine; said to be cold and moist, and often identified with mucus. [from 13th c.]
   • 1993, William Dalrymple, City of Djinns, HarperCollins 1993:

     Each person's unique mixture of these substances determines his temperament: a predominance of blood gives a sanguine temperament; a predominance of phlegm makes one phlegmatic; yellow bile, bilious (or choleric); and black bile, melancholic.

2. Viscid mucus produced by the body, later especially mucus expelled from the bronchial passages by coughing. [from 14th c.]
   • 2005, "Endangered Species?" Hannah Beech, Time, 14 Nov 2005:

     "Even some members of the new bourgeoisie indulge in conspicuously boorish behavior, like hawking phlegm onto the pavement or picking their noses at business meetings."

4. (historical, chemistry, alchemy) A watery distillation, especially one obtained from plant matter; an aqueous solution. [from 16th c.]
   • 1812, Humphry Davy, The Elements of Chemical Philosophy, Introduction, Part I. Vol. I, pp. 50-51:

     The attempts made to analyse vegetable substances previous to 1720, merely produced their resolution into the supposed elements of the chemists of those days, namely, salts, Earths, phlegm, and sulphur.

5. Calmness of temperament, composure; also seen negatively, sluggishness, indifference. [from 16th c.]
   • 1942, "Warning to Sweden", Time, 5 Oct 1942:

     But Swedish Nazis also talked of the necessity of saving Sweden from Bolshevism, and with the menacing Berlin radio gnawing in their ears many Swedes lost their Scandinavian phlegm.

Related terms

• phlegmatic

Derived terms

• phlegmish
• phlegmy

Translations

References

• Douglas Harper (2001–2021) , “phlegm”, in Online Etymology Dictionary
• “phlegm” in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

English

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Noun

expectorant (plural expectorants)

1. (medicine) An agent or drug used to cause or induce the expulsion of phlegm from the lungs.

Translations

Adjective

expectorant (not comparable)

1. (medicine) Causing or assisting the expulsion of phlegm.

   an expectorant preparation

See also

• expectorate

French

Verb

expectorant

1. present participle of expectorer

Romanian

Etymology

From French expectorant.

Adjective

expectorant m or n (feminine singular expectorant?, masculine plural expectoran?i, feminine and neuter plural expectorante)

1. expectorant

Declension