different between pester vs ruffle

English

Etymology

In the senses of “overcrowd (a place)” and “impede (a person)”: from Middle French and Old French empestrer (“encumber”), influenced by English pest. The modern sense is an extension of the sense “infest”. Comparable to English construction pest + -er (used to form frequentative verbs).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?p?st?(?)/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?p?st?/, [?p??st?]
• Rhymes: -?st?(?)

Verb

pester (third-person singular simple present pesters, present participle pestering, simple past and past participle pestered)

1. (transitive) To bother, harass, or annoy persistently.
2. (obsolete, transitive and intransitive) To crowd together thickly.

Synonyms

• badger
• bug
• hound

Derived terms

• bepester
• pester power
• pesterer
• pestery

Related terms

• pest

Translations

Noun

pester (plural pesters)

1. A bother or nuisance.

Anagrams

• Peters, Pretes, pestre, peters, pre-set, preset, serpet

Dutch

Etymology

From pesten +? -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?s.t?r/
• Hyphenation: pes?ter

Noun

pester m (plural pesters, diminutive pestertje n)

1. A person who bullies or pesters somebody.

Related terms

• pesten, pesterij

Synonyms

• pestkop

Anagrams

• perste, preest, preste, streep

French

Etymology

From peste +? -er.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?s.te/

Verb

pester

1. to rant, curse, fulminate

Conjugation

Further reading

• “pester” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• pertes, prêtes, prêtés

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

pester m or f

1. indefinite plural of pest

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• pestar

Noun

pester m or f

1. indefinite feminine plural of pest

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *p?str? (“variegated”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pè?st?r/

Adjective

p??st?r (comparative p??strejši, superlative n?jp??strejši)

1. colourful, variegated

Inflection

Further reading

• “pester”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

English

Etymology

From Middle English ruffelen, perhaps from Old Norse hrufla (“to graze, scratch”) or Middle Low German ruffelen (“to wrinkle, curl”). Further origin unknown. Related to Middle Dutch ruyffelen, German Low German ruffeln. See English ruff.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /???f?l/
• Rhymes: -?f?l

Noun

ruffle (plural ruffles)

1. Any gathered or curled strip of fabric added as trim or decoration.
2. Disturbance; agitation; commotion.

3. (military) A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruff.
4. (zoology) The connected series of large egg capsules, or oothecae, of several species of American marine gastropods of the genus Fulgur.

Synonyms

• (strip of fabric): frill, furbelow

Translations

Verb

ruffle (third-person singular simple present ruffles, present participle ruffling, simple past and past participle ruffled)

1. (transitive) To make a ruffle in; to curl or flute, as an edge of fabric.

2. (transitive) To disturb; especially, to cause to flutter.
   • 1832, Isaac Taylor, Saturday Evening

     the fantastic revelries […] that so often ruffled the placid bosom of the Nile

   • 1860, Sir William Hamilton, Sir William Hamilton, 9th Baronet

     These ruffle the tranquillity of the mind.

   • 1859, Alfred Tennyson, Guinevere
3. (intransitive) To grow rough, boisterous, or turbulent.
4. (intransitive) To become disordered; to play loosely; to flutter.
5. (intransitive) To be rough; to jar; to be in contention; hence, to put on airs; to swagger.
6. To make into a ruff; to draw or contract into puckers, plaits, or folds; to wrinkle.
7. To erect in a ruff, as feathers.
   • 1832, Alfred Tennyson, The Palace of Art
8. (military) To beat with the ruff or ruffle, as a drum.
9. To throw together in a disorderly manner.

Translations

Derived terms

• rufflement
• ruffler
• ruffle some feathers
• ruffle up
• ruffly
• unruffled

References

Anagrams

• Fulfer, luffer