different between person vs male

English

Etymology

From Middle English persoun, personne et al., from Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin pers?na (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword from Etruscan ???????????????????? (?ersu, “mask”). Displaced native wight (from Old English wiht (“person, human being”)). Doublet of parson and persona.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??s?n/, [?p???sn?]
• (General American) enPR: pûr?sn, pûr?s?n, IPA^(key): /?p?s?n/, [?p??sn?]
• Rhymes: -??(?)s?n
• Hyphenation: per?son

Noun

person (plural persons or (by suppletion) people)

1. An individual; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
   • 1784, William Jones, The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c., PREFACE

     THE favourable reception the Orrery has met with from Per?ons of the fir?t di?tinction, and from Gentlemen and Ladies in general, has induced me to add to it ?everal new improvements in order to give it a degree of Perfection; and di?tingui?h it from others; which by Piracy, or Imitation, may be introduced to the Public.
   1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.

      • his first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler

      • 1673, Jeremy Taylor, Heniaytos: A Course of Sermons for All the Sundays of the Year […]

        No man can long put on a person and act a part.

      • 1664, Robert South, Of the Love of Christ to his Disciples

        How different […] is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate, and […] that of a friend!

   2. (Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.
      • 1892, Book of Common Prayer, The Litanie

        three persons and one God

   3. (chiefly in science fiction) Any sentient or socially intelligent being.
   4. (in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]

2. The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
   • 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:

     The Captain, inclining his military person, sat sideways to be closer and kinder […].

   • 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), page 418:

     At first blush it seemed that what was striking about him rested on the fact that his dress was exotic, his person foreign.

   • 2004, The New York Times:

     Meanwhile, the dazed Sullivan, dressed like a bum with no identification on his person, is arrested and put to work on a brutal Southern chain gang.

3. (law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]

4. (law) The human genitalia; specifically, the penis.
   • 1824, Vagrancy Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 83, United Kingdom), section 4:

     [E]very Person wilfully, openly, lewdly, and obscenely exposing his Person in any Street, Road, or public Highway, or in the View thereof, or in any Place of public Resort, with Intent to insult any Female ... and being subsequently convicted of the Offence for which he or she shall have been so apprehended, shall be deemed a Rogue and Vagabond, within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act ...

   • 1972, Evans v. Ewels, Weekly Law Reports, vol. 1, page 671 at pp. 674–675:

     It seems to me that at any rate today, and indeed by 1824, the word "person" in connection with sexual matters had acquired a meaning of its own; a meaning which made it a synonym for "penis." It may be ... that it was the forerunner of Victorian gentility which prevented people calling a penis a penis. But however that may be I am satisfied in my own mind that it has now acquired an established meaning to the effect already stated. It is I venture to say, well known amongst those who practise in the courts that the word "person" is so used over and over again. It is the familiar synonym of that part of the body, and, as one of the reasons for my decision in this case, I would use that interpretation of what was prevailing in 1824 and what has become established in the 150 years since then.

5. (grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom they are speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]
6. (biology) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.
   • 1884, Patrick Geddes, "Morphology", in Encyclopædia Britannica Volume 16

     True corms, composed of united personae […] usually arise by gemmation, […] yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Haeckel to this entry?)

Usage notes

• In senses 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4, the plural is most commonly people, with persons occasionally used in formal speech or writing. Some native speakers will find persons inappropriate, even in formal usage. In senses 1.2, 2, 3, and 5 persons is the only plural.
• Referring to an individual as a “person” (rather than a gentleman, lady, etc.) was formerly perceived as a slight.
• Today, all major style guides recommend people rather than persons. For example, the Associated Press and the New York Times recommend "people" except in quotations and set phrases. Under the traditional distinction, which Garner says is pedantic, persons describes a finite, known number of individuals, rather than the collective term people. "Persons" is correct in technical and legal contexts.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:person

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

person (third-person singular simple present persons, present participle personing, simple past and past participle personed)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Milton to this entry?)

2. (transitive, gender-neutral) To man.

Anagrams

• Posner, nopers, preons, prones, spreon

Breton

Noun

person m (plural personed)

1. vicar

Inflection

Danish

Etymology

From Latin persona

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -o??n

Noun

person c (singular definite personen, plural indefinite personer)

1. person
2. character
3. figure
4. people

Inflection

References

• “person” in Den Danske Ordbog

Esperanto

Noun

person

1. accusative singular of perso

Finnish

Adjective

person

1. genitive singular of perso

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch persoon, from Middle Dutch persone, ultimately from Latin pers?na.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [p?r?s?n]
• Hyphenation: pêr?son

Noun

person (first-person possessive personku, second-person possessive personmu, third-person possessive personnya)

1. person, individual

   Synonyms: perseorangan, pribadi

Related terms

Further reading

• “person” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin persona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pær.su?n/, [pæ.??u?n] (Standard Eastern Norwegian)

Noun

person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personer, definite plural personene)

1. a person

Derived terms

References

• “person” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin persona.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pær.su?n/, [pæ.??u?n]

Noun

person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personar, definite plural personane)

1. a person

Derived terms

References

• “person” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Scots

Noun

person (plural people)

1. (law) An individual with rights and responsibilities under the law.
2. (law) An individual or formal organisation with standing before the courts.
3. In fiction, any sentient or socially intelligent being.

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?r?su?n/, [p???u?n]

Noun

person c

1. a human being
2. an individual

Declension

Related terms

References

• person in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Anagrams

• porens, porsen, ropens

Welsh

Etymology

Ultimately from Latin pers?na (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”). Probably through English and Old French persone (“human being”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?p?rs?n/

Noun

person m (plural personau)

1. person

   Synonym: unigolyn

Derived terms

• personol

Noun

person m (plural personiaid)

1. parson
2. clergyman

   Synonym: clerigwr, offeiriad

Mutation

English

Etymology

From Middle English male, borrowed from Old French malle, masle (Modern French mâle), from Latin masculus (“masculine, a male”), diminutive of m?s (“male, masculine”). Doublet of macho.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) enPR: m?l, IPA^(key): /me?l/
• Rhymes: -e?l
• Homophone: mail

Adjective

male (not generally comparable, comparative maler or more male, superlative malest or most male)

1. Belonging to the sex which typically produces sperm, or to the gender which is typically associated with it. [from 14th c.]

   male writers

   the leading male and female singers

   a male bird feeding a seed to a female

   in bee colonies, all drones are male

   intersex male patients

   • 1995, Gill Van Hasselt, Childbirth: Your Choices for Managing Pain (Taylor Pub, ?ISBN):

     We got the hang of [caring for a baby], Kate and I, with some quiet, surprising guidance from a gentle male nurse whose touching lack of intrusion was so instinctive as to seem part of the pattern.

   • 2016, Tobias Raun, Out Online (?ISBN):

     Whereas many other trans male vloggers use the videos to assert a conventionally recognizable masculinity through sculpting and carrying their bodies as well as dressing and talking in masculine-coded ways, Carson explores and plays with ways of expressing femininity within (trans) maleness.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:male.
2. Characteristic of this sex/gender. (Compare masculine, manly.)

   stereotypically male interests, an insect with typically male coloration

   • 2006, Bonnie Roberts, Bruises on the Heart (?ISBN), page 118:

     A bright light was shone in her eye and then she heard a kind, male voice who she figured must be Dr. Smith. “Yes, let her rest now, but keep an eye on her blood pressure and her pulse. Check her about every 15 or 20 minutes. Call me if any problem occurs.”

   • 2004, Mino Vianello, Gwen Moore, Women and Men in Political and Business Elites: A Comparative Study (?ISBN):

     More than that, we cannot find the same dynamics within female career trajectories as in the other two country groups, because the time-structure of female and male careers already shows great similarity within the older generation of elites. In addition, the pattern of the relation between female and male careers remains the same over time.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:male.
3. Tending to lead to or regulate the development of sexual characteristics typical of this sex.

   the male chromosome;   like testes, ovaries also produce testosterone and some other male hormones

4. (grammar, less common than 'masculine') Masculine; of the masculine grammatical gender.
   • 2012, Sinéad Leleu, Michaela Greck-Ismair, German Pen Pals Made Easy KS3

     If you are describing a female noun, you must make the adjective feminine by adding an 'e'. If you describe a male noun, you add an 'er'. For neutral nouns you add an 'es'.

5. (figuratively) Of instruments, tools, or connectors: designed to fit into or penetrate a female counterpart, as in a connector, pipe fitting or laboratory glassware. [from 16th c.]
   • 1982, Popular Science, page 119:

     Male adapter connects female pipe threads to polyethylene cold-water pipe; [...] female flare coupling connects male pipe threads to flared copper or plastic;

Synonyms

• manly, mannish, masculine
• (figurative: of instuments, etc): plug, pin

Coordinate terms

• female; androgynous; intersex; non-binary
• (grammar): female: see also masculine

Derived terms

• male-assigned, cis male, trans male
• male-dominated

Translations

Noun

male (plural males)

1. One of the male (masculine) sex or gender.
   1. A human member of the masculine sex or gender.
      • For quotations using this term, see Citations:male.
   2. An animal of the sex that has testes.
   3. A plant of the masculine sex.

Antonyms

• female

Hyponyms

• man, boy

Translations

See also

• macho
• ? (symbol for male)
• sex, gender, gender identity

Anagrams

• -meal, Elam, Elma, Leam, Lema, alme, amel, lame, lamé, leam, lema, meal, mela, mela-

Afar

Etymology

From maléey (“no”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /m??le/

Particle

malé

1. no

Synonyms

• maléey

References

• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)?^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Danish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma?l?/, [?mæ?l?]

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German m?len (“to draw, paint”), from Proto-Germanic *m?l?n?, which could be related to *mail? (“spot, blemish, mark”). Cognate with Icelandic mála (“to paint”).

Verb

male (imperative mal, present maler, past malede or malte, past participle malet or malt)

1. To paint.

Derived terms

• maler (“painter”)
• maleri (“painting”)
• maling (“paint”)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse mala, from Proto-Germanic *malan? (“to grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *melh?- (“to grind, rub, break up”). Cognate with Icelandic mala.

Verb

male (imperative mal, infinitive at male, present tense maler, past tense malede, perfect tense er/har malet)

1. To grind, mill.

Derived terms

• maling (“grinding”)

Dutch

Pronunciation

Noun

male

1. (archaic) Dative singular form of maal

Verb

male

1. (archaic) singular present subjunctive of malen

Esperanto

Etymology

From prefix mal- (antonym) +? -e (indicates adverbs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?male/
• Hyphenation: ma?le
• Rhymes: -ale
• Audio:

Adverb

male

1. on the contrary
2. opposingly; in opposition

Estonian

Etymology

From malev (“army”), a word attested in the 13th century Livonian Chronicle of Henry. Coined by Ado Grenzstein in the 19th century.

Noun

male (genitive male, partitive malet)

1. (board games) chess

Declension

See also

German

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -a?l?

Verb

male

1. inflection of malen:
   1. first-person singular present
   2. singular imperative
   3. first/third-person singular subjunctive I

Italian

Etymology

From Latin male.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?ma.le/

Adverb

male (comparative: peggio; superlative: malissimo)

1. badly, wrongly

   Antonym: bene

Noun

male m (plural mali)

1. evil, harm
2. pain, ache, illness, sickness, disease

Antonyms

• bene

Derived terms

Related terms

• malfare
• malo
• malvagio

Adjective

male

1. (archaic) feminine plural of malo (“bad”)

See also

• dolore

Anagrams

• alme
• lame
• mela

Latin

Etymology

From malus (“bad, wicked”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?ma.le/, [?mä???]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?ma.le/, [?m??l?]

Adverb

male (comparative p?ius, superlative pessim?)

1. badly
2. wrongly
3. cruelly, wickedly
4. not much; feebly

Derived terms

• maled?c?
• malefaci?
• n?n male

Related terms

• malus

Descendants

References

• male in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• male in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• male in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.

Limburgish

Etymology

From Middle Dutch m?len, from Old Dutch *malan, from Proto-West Germanic *malan, from Proto-Germanic *malan?.

Verb

male

1. To mill.

Conjugation

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse mála and Middle Low German malen

Verb

male (imperative mal, present tense maler, passive males, simple past malte, past participle malt, present participle malende)

1. To paint.

See also

• måle (Nynorsk)

Etymology 2

From Old Norse mala

Verb

male (imperative mal, present tense maler, passive males, simple past mol or malte, past participle malt, present participle malende)

1. To grind or mill (to make smaller by breaking with a device).
2. To purr (of a cat, to make a vibrating sound in its throat when contented)

Derived terms

• den som kommer først til mølla, får først malt (to mill)
• hvitmalt (painted white)
• maleri (painting)
• male seg inn i et hjørne (to paint)
• maling (paint, painting)
• rødmalt (painted red)
• skjønnmale (to paint)
• umalt (both senses)

References

• “male” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Verb

male (present tense mel, past tense mol, supine male, past participle malen, present participle malande, imperative mal)

1. Alternative form of mala

Etymology 2

Verb

male (present tense malar, past tense mala, past participle mala, passive infinitive malast, present participle malande, imperative mal)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2012; superseded by måle, to paint.

Old French

Alternative forms

• malle

Etymology

From Medieval Latin mala, from Frankish *malha (“leather bag”).

Noun

male f (oblique plural males, nominative singular male, nominative plural males)

1. pack, bag

Descendants

• Anglo-Norman: male
  • ? Middle English: male, maile, mayll
    • English: mail
    • Scots: male, mail
  • ?? Irish: mála (or perhaps via English)
• Middle French: malle
  • French: malle
  • ? Portuguese: mala
  • ? Spanish: mala
• Gallo: mol
• Walloon: male (Forrières)

Pali

Alternative forms

Noun

male

1. locative singular of mala (“dirt”)

Sardinian

Etymology

From Latin male. Compare Italian male.

Adverb

male

1. badly

Serbo-Croatian

Adjective

male

1. inflection of mal:
   1. masculine accusative plural
   2. feminine genitive singular
   3. feminine nominative/accusative/vocative plural