different between perpendicular vs birefringence

English

Etymology

From Middle French perpendiculaire, from Old French perpendiculer, from Latin perpendiculum (“plumb line”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /?p??.p?n?d?k.j?.l?(?)/ enPR: pû"p?nd?'ky?l?(r),
• (US) IPA^(key): /p?.p?n?d?k.ju.l?/, /p?.p?n?d?k.j?.l?/
• Rhymes: -?kj?l?(?)

Adjective

perpendicular (comparative more perpendicular, superlative most perpendicular)

1. (geometry) at or forming a right angle (to something).

   Synonyms: normal, orthogonal

2. Exactly upright; extending in a straight line toward the centre of the earth, etc.
3. Independent of or irrelevant to each other; orthogonal.
   • 2019 May 31, David M. Willis, "Wrangled", Dumbing of Age:

     Hey, I'm not unsabotaging anything! This is completely perpendicular sabotage!

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

perpendicular (plural perpendiculars)

1. (geometry) A line or plane that is perpendicular to another.
2. A device such as a plumb line that is used in making or marking a perpendicular line.
3. (obsolete, slang) A meal eaten at a tavern bar while standing up.

Translations

See also

• ? (This symbol can be pronounced “perp” when used as a subscript of a letter representing a vector.)

Catalan

Etymology

From Late Latin perpendicul?ris, from perpendiculum.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /p??.p?n.di.ku?la/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /p?r.p?n.di.ku?la/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /pe?.pen.di.ku?la?/

Adjective

perpendicular (masculine and feminine plural perpendiculars)

1. perpendicular

Derived terms

• perpendicularment

Noun

perpendicular f (plural perpendiculars)

1. perpendicular

Further reading

• “perpendicular” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “perpendicular” in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana.
• “perpendicular” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “perpendicular” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Portuguese

Etymology

From Late Latin perpendicul?ris, from perpendiculum.

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /p??.p?.di.ku.?la?/
• Hyphenation: per?pen?di?cu?lar

Adjective

perpendicular (plural perpendiculares, comparable)

1. perpendicular

Noun

perpendicular f (plural perpendiculares)

1. perpendicular

Derived terms

Romanian

Etymology

From French perpendiculaire

Noun

perpendicular f (plural perpendiculare)

1. perpendicular

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Late Latin perpendicul?ris, from perpendiculum.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pe?pendiku?la?/, [pe?.p?n?.d?i.ku?la?]

Adjective

perpendicular (plural perpendiculares)

1. perpendicular

Derived terms

• perpendicularmente

English

Etymology

bi- +? refringence.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba????f??nd??ns/

Noun

birefringence (countable and uncountable, plural birefringences)

1. (physics) The splitting of a ray of light into two parallel rays of perpendicular polarization by passage through an optically anisotropic medium.
2. The property of a material that light passing through it is so split.

Synonyms

• (splitting of a ray of light): birefraction, double refraction
• (property of a material): birefractivity

Related terms

• birefringent
• monorefringence
• trirefringence

Translations

See also

• birefraction
• birefractive
• birefractivity