different between permanent vs eternal

English

Etymology

Used in English since 15th century, from Middle French permanent, from Latin permanens, from perman?o (“I stay through”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p?m?n?nt/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??m?n?nt/
• Hyphenation: per?ma?nent

Adjective

permanent (comparative more permanent, superlative most permanent)

1. Without end, eternal.

2. Lasting for an indefinitely long time.

Synonyms

• (without end): everlasting, neverending, unending; see also Thesaurus:eternal or Thesaurus:endless
• (lasting for an indefinitely long time): durable, intransient; see also Thesaurus:lasting

Antonyms

• impermanent, temporary

Derived terms

Related terms

• permafrost
• permatemp

Translations

Noun

permanent (plural permanents)

1. A chemical hair treatment imparting or removing curliness, whose effects typically last for a period of weeks; a perm.
   • 1943, Raymond Chandler, The High Window, Penguin 2005, p. 8:

     She had pewter-coloured hair set in a ruthless permanent, a hard beak and large moist eyes with the sympathetic expression of wet stones.

2. (linear algebra, combinatorics) Given an ${\displaystyle n\times n}$ matrix ${\displaystyle a_{ij}\,}$, the sum over all permutations ${\displaystyle \pi \,}$ of ${\displaystyle \prod _{i=1}^{n}{a_{i\pi (i)}}}$.
3. (collectible card games) A card whose effects persist beyond the turn on which it is played.

Translations

See also

• determinant
• ephemeral
• relaxer
• temporary

Verb

permanent (third-person singular simple present permanents, present participle permanenting, simple past and past participle permanented)

1. (transitive, dated) To perm (the hair).

Further reading

• permanent in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• permanent in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• permanent at OneLook Dictionary Search

Anagrams

• Petermann, merpentan

Catalan

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /p??.m??nent/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /p?r.m??nen/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /pe?.ma?nent/

Adjective

permanent (masculine and feminine plural permanents)

1. permanent

Related terms

• permanència
• permanentment

Further reading

• “permanent” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

French

Etymology

From Latin permanentem (accusative of permanens).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??.ma.n??/

Adjective

permanent (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Derived terms

• ordre permanent

Noun

permanent m (plural permanents)

1. (mathematics) permanent

Related terms

• permanence
• impermanent

Further reading

• “permanent” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

German

Etymology

Borrowed from French permanent.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??ma?n?nt/

Adjective

permanent (not comparable)

1. permanent

Declension

Adverb

permanent

1. permanently, incessantly

Synonyms

• ständig, unaufhörlich

Further reading

• “permanent” in Duden online

Ladin

Alternative forms

• permanënt

Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanenta, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Latin

Verb

permanent

1. third-person plural present active indicative of permane?

Middle French

Adjective

permanent m (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

1. permanent

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin permanens

Adjective

permanent (neuter singular permanent, definite singular and plural permanente)

1. permanent
2. (as an adverb) permanently

References

• “permanent” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin permanens

Adjective

permanent (neuter singular permanent, definite singular and plural permanente)

1. permanent

References

• “permanent” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

From French permanent

Adjective

permanent m or n (feminine singular permanent?, masculine plural permanen?i, feminine and neuter plural permanente)

1. permanent

Declension

English

Alternative forms

• æternal (chiefly archaic)
• æternall, eternall (obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle English eternal, from Old French eternal, from Late Latin aetern?lis, from Latin aeternus (“eternal”), from aevum (“age”).

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /??t?n?l/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??t??n?l/
• Rhymes: -??(?)n?l
• Hyphenation: eter?nal

Adjective

eternal (not comparable)

1. Lasting forever; unending.

   Synonyms: agelong, endless, everlasting, permanent, sempiternal, unending; see also Thesaurus:eternal

   Antonyms: ephemeral, momentary, transient; see also Thesaurus:ephemeral

2. (philosophy) existing outside time; as opposed to sempiternal, existing within time but everlastingly

   Synonyms: timeless, atemporal; see also Thesaurus:timeless

3. (hyperbolic) Constant; perpetual; ceaseless; ever-present.
4. (dated) Exceedingly great or bad; used as an intensifier.

   Synonym: awful

Usage notes

May be used postpositively, as in peace eternal, possibly as a result of Latin influence.

Derived terms

Translations

Noun

eternal (plural eternals)

1. One who lives forever; an immortal.

Anagrams

• enteral, teneral

References

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin aetern?lis, attested from the 14th century.

Pronunciation

• (Balearic) IPA^(key): /?.t???nal/
• (Central) IPA^(key): /?.t?r?nal/
• (Valencian) IPA^(key): /e.te??nal/

Adjective

eternal (masculine and feminine plural eternals)

1. eternal

   Synonym: etern

References

Further reading

• “eternal” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “eternal” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “eternal” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

From Latin aetern?lis.

Adjective

eternal m or f (plural eternais)

1. (formal) eternal

   Synonym: eterno

Further reading

• “eternal” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.

Middle English

Alternative forms

• eterneel, eternall

Etymology

Borrowed from Old French eternal, eternel, from Latin aetern?lis; equivalent to eterne +? -al.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /??t?r?na?l/, /???t?rnal/, /??t?r?n??l/

Adjective

eternal

1. Eternal, permanent; having existed (and existing) forever.
2. Endless, unending; lasting forever.
3. (rare) Long-lasting; non-ephemeral.

Synonyms

• eterne

Descendants

• English: eternal, tarnal
• Scots: eternal

References

• “?tern??l, -??l, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-01-19.

Occitan

Etymology

From Latin aetern?lis.

Adjective

eternal m (feminine singular eternala, masculine plural eternals, feminine plural eternalas)

1. eternal

   Synonym: etèrn

Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin aetern?lis.

Adjective

eternal m or f (plural eternais, not comparable)

1. eternal

   Synonym: eterno

Further reading

• “eternal” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin aetern?lis.

Adjective

eternal (plural eternales)

1. eternal

   Synonym: eterno

Further reading

• “eternal” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.