different between particle vs trace

English

Etymology

From Middle French particule, and its source, Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??t?k(?)l/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p??t?k?l/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t?k?l

Noun

particle (plural particles)

1. A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.]
2. (physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]
   • 2011, Brian Cox & Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane 2011, p. 55:

     What, he asked himself, does quantum theory have to say about the familiar properties of particles such as position?
3. (linguistics) A word that has a particular grammatical function but does not obviously belong to any particular part of speech, such as the word to in English infinitives or O as a vocative particle.

   • In English there is no grammatical device to differentiate predicational judgments from nonpredicational descriptions. This distinction does cast a shadow on the grammatical sphere to some extent, but recognition of it must generally be made in semantic terms. It is maintained here that in Japanese, on the other hand, the distinction is grammatically realized through the use of the two particles wa and ga.

   • Traditional grammar typically recognises a number of further categories: for example, in his Reference Book of Terms in Traditional Grammar for Language Students, Simpson (1982) posits two additional word-level categories which he refers to as Particle, and Conjunction. Particles include the italicised words in (58) below:

     (58)

     (a) He put his hat on

     (b) If you pull too hard, the handle will come off

     (c) He was leaning too far over the side, and fell out

     (d) He went up to see the manager

4. (linguistics) A part of speech which cannot be inflected: an adverb, preposition, conjunction or interjection.
   • 1844, E. A. Andrews: First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. (6th edition, Boston), p.91 (at books.google)

     322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

   • 1894 (2008), B. L. Gildersleeve & G. Lodge: Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar (reprint of the 3rd edition by Dover, 2008), p.9. (at books.google)

     The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]

5. (Christianity) In the Roman Catholic church, a crumb of consecrated bread; also the smaller breads used in the communion of the laity.

Synonyms

• see Thesaurus:particle
• p-word

Hyponyms

Derived terms

• charged-particle
• multiparticle

Related terms

Translations

References

• particle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• crepital, preictal, prelatic

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t?e?s/, [t??e?s]
• Rhymes: -e?s

Etymology 1

From Middle English trace, traas, from Old French trace (“an outline, track, trace”), from the verb (see below).

Noun

trace (countable and uncountable, plural traces)

1. An act of tracing.

2. An enquiry sent out for a missing article, such as a letter or an express package.
3. A mark left as a sign of passage of a person or animal.
4. A residue of some substance or material.

5. A very small amount.

6. (electronics) A current-carrying conductive pathway on a printed circuit board.
7. An informal road or prominent path in an arid area.
8. One of two straps, chains, or ropes of a harness, extending from the collar or breastplate to a whippletree attached to a vehicle or thing to be drawn; a tug.
9. (engineering) A connecting bar or rod, pivoted at each end to the end of another piece, for transmitting motion, especially from one plane to another; specifically, such a piece in an organ stop action to transmit motion from the trundle to the lever actuating the stop slider.
10. (fortification) The ground plan of a work or works.
11. (geometry) The intersection of a plane of projection, or an original plane, with a coordinate plane.
13. (mathematics) The sum of the diagonal elements of a square matrix.
14. (grammar) An empty category occupying a position in the syntactic structure from which something has been moved, used to explain constructions such as wh-movement and the passive.

Synonyms

• (mark left as a sign of passage of a person or animal): track, trail
• (small amount): see also Thesaurus:modicum.

Derived terms

• downtrace, uptrace
• without trace, without a trace

Translations

Etymology 2

From Middle English tracen, from Old French tracer, trasser (“to delineate, score, trace", also, "to follow, pursue”), probably a conflation of Vulgar Latin *tracti? (“to delineate, score, trace”), from Latin trahere (“to draw”); and Old French traquer (“to chase, hunt, pursue”), from trac (“a track, trace”), from Middle Dutch treck, treke (“a drawing, draft, delineation, feature, expedition”). More at track.

Verb

trace (third-person singular simple present traces, present participle tracing, simple past and past participle traced)

1. (transitive) To follow the trail of.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Cowper to this entry?)

2. To follow the history of.
   • 1684, Thomas Burnet, The Sacred Theory of the Earth

     You may trace the deluge quite round the globe.
3. (transitive) To draw or sketch lightly or with care.

   He carefully traced the outlines of the old building before him.

4. (transitive) To copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines.
5. (transitive, obsolete) To copy; to imitate.
   • 1647, John Denham, To Sir Richard Fanshaw

     That servile path thou nobly dost decline, / Of tracing word by word, and line by line.

6. (intransitive, obsolete) To walk; to go; to travel.
7. (transitive, obsolete) To walk over; to pass through; to traverse.
8. (computing, transitive) To follow the execution of the program by making it to stop after every instruction, or by making it print a message after every step.

Related terms

• tracing

Translations

Anagrams

• Carte, acter, caret, carte, cater, crate, creat, react, recta, reäct

French

Etymology

From the verb tracer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t?as/
• Rhymes: -as

Noun

trace f (plural traces)

1. trace
2. track
3. (mathematics) trace

Derived terms

• trace de freinage

Verb

trace

1. first-person singular present indicative of tracer
2. third-person singular present indicative of tracer
3. first-person singular present subjunctive of tracer
4. third-person singular present subjunctive of tracer
5. second-person singular imperative of tracer

Further reading

• “trace” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• caret, carte, créât, écart, terça

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tra.t??e/
• Hyphenation: trà?ce

Etymology 1

From Latin thr?cem, accusative form of thr?x, from Ancient Greek ???? (Thrâix).

Adjective

trace (plural traci)

1. (literary) Thracian

Noun

trace m (plural traci)

1. (historical) A person from or an inhabitant of Thrace.

   Synonym: tracio

trace m (uncountable)

1. The Thracian language.

Related terms

• tracio
• Tracia

Etymology 2

From Latin thraecem, accusative form of thraex, from Ancient Greek ???? (Thrâix).

Noun

trace m (plural traci)

1. (historical, Ancient Rome) A gladiator bearing Thracian equipment.

Anagrams

• carte, certa, cetra

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old French trace, from tracer, tracier.

Alternative forms

• traas, trase

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tra?s(?)/

Noun

trace (plural traces) (mostly Late ME)

1. A trail, track or road; a pathway or route:
   1. An track that isn't demarcated; an informal pathway.
   2. A trace; a trail of evidence left of something's presence.
2. One's lifepath or decisions; one's chosen actions.
3. Stepping or movement of feet, especially during dancing.
4. (rare, heraldry) A straight mark.

Derived terms

• tracen
• tracyng

Descendants

• English: trace
• Scots: trace

References

• “tr?ce, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-18.

Etymology 2

Verb

trace

1. Alternative form of tracen

Old French

Etymology

From the verb tracier, tracer.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?tra.t?s?/

Noun

trace f (oblique plural traces, nominative singular trace, nominative plural traces)

1. trace (markings showing where one has been)

Descendants

• ? Middle English: trace
  • English: trace
• French: trace

Spanish

Verb

trace

1. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of trazar.
2. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of trazar.
3. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of trazar.