different between particle vs dot

English

Etymology

From Middle French particule, and its source, Latin particula (“small part, particle”), diminutive of pars (“part, piece”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?p??t?k(?)l/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p??t?k?l/
• Rhymes: -??(?)t?k?l

Noun

particle (plural particles)

1. A very small piece of matter, a fragment; especially, the smallest possible part of something. [from 14th c.]
2. (physics) Any of various physical objects making up the constituent parts of an atom; an elementary particle or subatomic particle. [from 19th c.]
   • 2011, Brian Cox & Jeff Forshaw, The Quantum Universe, Allen Lane 2011, p. 55:

     What, he asked himself, does quantum theory have to say about the familiar properties of particles such as position?
3. (linguistics) A word that has a particular grammatical function but does not obviously belong to any particular part of speech, such as the word to in English infinitives or O as a vocative particle.

   • In English there is no grammatical device to differentiate predicational judgments from nonpredicational descriptions. This distinction does cast a shadow on the grammatical sphere to some extent, but recognition of it must generally be made in semantic terms. It is maintained here that in Japanese, on the other hand, the distinction is grammatically realized through the use of the two particles wa and ga.

   • Traditional grammar typically recognises a number of further categories: for example, in his Reference Book of Terms in Traditional Grammar for Language Students, Simpson (1982) posits two additional word-level categories which he refers to as Particle, and Conjunction. Particles include the italicised words in (58) below:

     (58)

     (a) He put his hat on

     (b) If you pull too hard, the handle will come off

     (c) He was leaning too far over the side, and fell out

     (d) He went up to see the manager

4. (linguistics) A part of speech which cannot be inflected: an adverb, preposition, conjunction or interjection.
   • 1844, E. A. Andrews: First Lessions in Latin; or Introduction to Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Grammar. (6th edition, Boston), p.91 (at books.google)

     322. The parts of speech which are neither declined nor conjugated, are called by the general name of particles. 323. They are adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections.

   • 1894 (2008), B. L. Gildersleeve & G. Lodge: Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar (reprint of the 3rd edition by Dover, 2008), p.9. (at books.google)

     The Parts of Speech are the Noun (Substantive and Adjective), the Pronoun, the Verb, and the Particles (Adverb, Preposition, and Conjunction)[.]

5. (Christianity) In the Roman Catholic church, a crumb of consecrated bread; also the smaller breads used in the communion of the laity.

Synonyms

• see Thesaurus:particle
• p-word

Hyponyms

Derived terms

• charged-particle
• multiparticle

Related terms

Translations

References

• particle on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• crepital, preictal, prelatic

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) enPR: d?t, IPA^(key): /d?t/
• (US) enPR: dät, IPA^(key): /d?t/
• Rhymes: -?t

Etymology 1

From Middle English *dot, from Old English dott (“a dot, point”), from Proto-Germanic *duttaz (“wisp”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Dot, Dotte (“a clump”), Dutch dot (“lump, knot, clod”), Low German Dutte (“a plug”), dialectal Swedish dott (“a little heap, bunch, clump”).

Noun

dot (plural dots)

1. A small, round spot.

   a dot of colour
2. (grammar) A punctuation mark used to indicate the end of a sentence or an abbreviated part of a word; a full stop; a period.
3. A point used as a diacritical mark above or below various letters of the Latin script, as in ?, ?, ?, ?, ?.
4. (mathematics) A symbol used for separating the fractional part of a decimal number from the whole part, for indicating multiplication or a scalar product, or for various other purposes.
5. One of the two symbols used in Morse code.
6. (obsolete) A lump or clot.
7. Anything small and like a speck comparatively; a small portion or specimen.

   a dot of a child

8. (cricket, informal) A dot ball.
9. (MLE) buckshot, projectile from a "dotty" or shotgun

10. (MLE) Clipping of dotty (“shotgun”).

Synonyms

• (small spot): speck, spot
• (at the end of a sentence or abbreviation): full stop (British), period (US), point
• (as a diacritic): tittle (over the letters i and j)
• (mathematics, in a decimal): decimal point
• (in Morse code): dit

Hyponyms

Derived terms

Related terms

Translations

Verb

dot (third-person singular simple present dots, present participle dotting, simple past and past participle dotted)

1. (transitive) To cover with small spots (of some liquid).

   His jacket was dotted with splashes of paint.

2. (transitive) To add a dot (the symbol) or dots to.

   Dot your is and cross your ts.

3. To mark by means of dots or small spots.

   to dot a line

4. To mark or diversify with small detached objects.

   to dot a landscape with cottages

5. (colloquial) To punch (a person).

Synonyms

• stipple

Derived terms

Preposition

dot

1. Dot product of the previous vector and the following vector.

   The work is equal to F dot ?x.

Coordinate terms

• cross
• ·

Translations

Etymology 2

From French dot.

Alternative forms

• dote

Noun

dot (plural dots)

1. (US, Louisiana) A dowry.
   • 1919, W. Somerset Maugham, The Moon and Sixpence, chapter 53

     "Have you the pictures still?" I asked.

     "Yes; I am keeping them till my daughter is of marriageable age, and then I shall sell them. They will be her dot."

   • 1927, Anna Bowman Dodd, Talleyrand: the Training of a Statesman:

     As a bride, Madame de Talleyrand had brought a small dot of fifteen thousand francs to the family fund.

Related terms

• dotal
• dotation

Anagrams

• DTO, ODT, OTD, TOD, Tod, tod

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *dh?tim, accusative of Proto-Indo-European *dh? (“to put”). Alternatively it might represent a univerbation of do +? të.

Verb

dot

1. "Can't" in negative sentences and "can" in interrogative ones. Can be added in sentences with mund to add emphasis.

Related terms

• do
• të

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin d?te

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /?d?t/
• Rhymes: -?t

Noun

dot m (plural dots)

1. dowry
2. gift, talent

Synonyms

• (gift): do

Further reading

• “dot” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Dutch

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?t/
• Hyphenation: dot
• Rhymes: -?t

Noun

dot m or f (plural dotten, diminutive dotje n)

1. a tuft, a bunch, a clump
2. (informal) a lot, a large amount

   een dot geld - a lot of money

3. cutie, something small and adorable
4. darling, sweetie (almost always used in its diminutive form - dotje)
5. a swab

Synonyms

• (cutie): kleintje
• (darling): schatje, liefje

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin dos. Doublet of dose.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d?t/
• Rhymes: -?t

Noun

dot f (plural dots)

1. dowry, marriage portion

Derived terms

• coureur de dot

Further reading

• “dot” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Irish

Alternative forms

• dod

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d???t??/

Contraction

dot (triggers lenition)

1. (Munster) Contraction of do do (“to your sg, for your sg”).

Related terms

Klamath-Modoc

Alternative forms

• tút (Gatschet)

Noun

dot

1. tooth

References

• Barker, M. A. R. (1963). Klamath Dictionary. University of California Publications in Linguistics 31. Berkeley/Los Angeles: University of California Press.
• Gatschet, Samuel S. (1890). The Klamath Indians of southwestern Oregon. Volume II, Part II. United States Government Printing Office.

Latvian

Etymology

From earlier *duoti, *duotie, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *d??tei, from Proto-Indo-European *dédeh?ti (“to give”). The present tense forms are new formations, replacing the old athematic forms (still attested in dialectal forms like domu (“I give”) instead of dodu). The past tense forms are from earlier *davu (cf. Lithuanian davia?); the e was extended from the past active participle form devis (< *devens < *de-d-wens).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [duôt]

Verb

dot (tr., no conj., pres. dodu, dod, dod, past devu)

1. to give (to hand to someone, so that s/he can have it)

2. to give, to provide (to allow the use of a material object, to free a place for someone else's use)

3. (colloquial) to give in marriage

4. (colloquial) to allow (e.g., a son or daughter) to work, to be employed

5. to give, to grant, to procure, to secure (a state, circumstances)

6. to give, to dedicate, to donate, to provide (at birth)

7. (dated sense) to allow, to permit

8. to give (to express orally or in writing)

9. to give (to add to a text)

10. (mathematics, usually in the past passive participle form dots) to be given, to be known from the start

11. (of physical or mental states) to give (to create, to inspire, to generate)

12. (of results, effects) to give, to provide, to be the cause (of something)

13. (of material objects, values; also of spiritual or cultural values) to give, to produce, to create

14. (colloquial) to give, to pay

15. (colloquial, a person's age, by sight) to give, to estimate as

16. (colloquial) to hit

17. (colloquial) to shoot, to give a shot

Conjugation

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

other derived terms:

• dev?js
• devums
• doties

References

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /do?t/

Verb

dot

1. inflection of doen:
   1. second-person plural present indicative
   2. second-person plural imperative

Malay

Noun

dot (plural dot-dot, informal 1st possessive dotku, impolite 2nd possessive dotmu, 3rd possessive dotnya)

1. nipple, teat

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *dugd? (compare Persian ????? (do?tar), ???? (do?t), Pashto ???? (lur), Avestan ????????????????????????????? (dug?dar)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *d?ug?d?? (compare Sanskrit ?????? (duhit?), from *d?u??itr-), from Proto-Indo-European *d?ugh?t?r (compare Armenian ?????? (dustr), Greek ???????? (thygatéra), Lithuanian dukt?, Russian ???? (do??), English daughter).

Noun

dot f

1. daughter

Related terms

• dotmam
• keç
• pis

Northern Sami

Etymology

From Proto-Samic *totë.

Pronunciation

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /?to?h(t)/

Determiner

d?t

1. yonder, that way over there (very far from speaker and listener)

Inflection

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino; Ruppel, Klaas; Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002-2008) Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages?^[5], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *daudaz.

Adjective

d?t

1. dead

Inflection

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• d?do

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: dôot
  • Dutch: dood
    • Afrikaans: dood
  • Limburgish: doead

Further reading

• “d?t”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German tot, Dutch dood, English dead, Swedish död, Icelandic dauður.

Adjective

dot

1. dead

Volapük

Noun

dot (nominative plural dots)

1. doubt

Declension