different between participle vs pluperfect

English

Etymology

From Middle English participle, from Old French participle (1388), variant of participe, from Latin participium.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /p???t?s?p?l/
• (US) IPA^(key): /?p??t??s?p?l/

Noun

participle (plural participles)

1. (grammar) A form of a verb that may function as an adjective or noun. English has two types of participles: the present participle and the past participle. In other languages, there are others, such as future, perfect, and future perfect participles.

Usage notes

Participles can be combined with the auxiliary verbs have and be to form the perfect aspect, the progressive aspect, and the passive voice. The tense is always expressed through the auxiliary verb.

• I have asked. (present tense, perfect aspect)
• I am asking. (present tense, progressive aspect)
• I am asked. (present tense, passive voice)

When not combined with have or be, participles are almost always adjectives and can form adjectival phrases called participial phrases. Nouns can occasionally be derived from these adjectives:

• the following items
• the following
• the dying victims
• the dying

In English, participles typically end in -ing, -ed or -en.

A present participle ending in -ing has the same form but a different function from a verbal noun called a gerund. Sometimes a present participle (adjective) is mistakenly called a gerund (noun).

Hypernyms

• verbal

Hyponyms

• active participle
• future participle
• passive participle
• past participle
• perfect passive participle
• present participle

Translations

English

Etymology

Shortening of plusquamperfect, from Latin plusquamperfectum (“more than perfect”), from plus (“more”) + quam (“than”) + perfectum, neuter singular of perfectus (“achieved; finished; perfected”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plu??p??(?)f?kt/

Adjective

pluperfect (not comparable)

1. More than perfect.
2. (grammar) Pertaining to action completed before or at the same time as another.
3. (mathematics) Relating to a certain type of graph, complying with the theorem (pluperfect graph theorem) discovered by D. R. Fulkerson in 1970.
4. (mathematics) Synonym of multiperfect
5. (informal) Used as an intensifier in various interjections.

   What in the pluperfect hell is going on here?!

Usage notes

• In many languages this is implemented using a participle and an auxiliary verb in a past tense.

Related terms

• pluperfection

Noun

pluperfect (plural pluperfects)

1. The pluperfect tense.
2. A verb in this tense.

Synonyms

• plusquamperfect, preterpluperfect

Translations