different between paranoia vs pessimism

English

Alternative forms

• paranœa, paranoea (obsolete, rare)
• paranoïa (rare)

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”), from ???????? (paránoos, “demented”), from ???? (pará, “beyond, beside”) + ???? (nóos, “mind, spirit”).

Surface analysis is para- (“abnormal, beyond”) +? nous (“mind”) +? -ia (“(medical) condition”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /?pæ?.??n??.?/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /?p??.??n??.?/
• Rhymes: -??.?
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?noia

Noun

paranoia (countable and uncountable, plural paranoias or (archaic) paranoiæ)

1. A psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution, conspiracy and perceived threat against the person, often associated with false accusations and general mistrust of others

   Antonym: pronoia

2. Extreme, irrational distrust of others.

Derived terms

Related terms

• See: nous#Related terms
• See: para-#Derived terms

Translations

References

• “?Paranoia, paranœa” listed on page 460 of volume VII (O, P) of A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles [1st ed., 1909]
  ???Paranoia (pær?noi·?), paranœa (-n?·?).?Path.?[mod.L. a. Gr. ????????, f. ??????-?? distracted, f. ????- beside + ??-??, ???? mind.]?Mental derangement; spec. chronic mental unsoundness characterized by delusions or hallucinations, esp. of grandeur, persecution, etc.?[¶; 4 quots.: 1857, 1891, 1892, 1899; ¶]?Hence Paranoi·ac, -œ·ac, a. adj. afflicted with paranoia; b. sb.; also Parano·ic, -nœ·ic a.?[¶; 3 quots.: 1857, 1892, 1899]

Catalan

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoies)

1. paranoia

Related terms

• paranoic

Further reading

• “paranoia” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

Czech

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?paranoja]
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?noia

Noun

paranoia f

1. paranoia

   Synonym: stihomam

Declension

Related terms

• paranoidní
• paranoik

Further reading

• paranoia in P?íru?ní slovník jazyka ?eského, 1935–1957
• paranoia in Slovník spisovného jazyka ?eského, 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Noun

paranoia

1. paranoia

Declension

Dutch

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa?.ra??no?.ja?/
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?noia

Noun

paranoia f (uncountable)

1. (psychology) paranoia

Related terms

• paranoïcus
• paranoïde

Adjective

paranoia (not comparable)

1. (informal) paranoid

   Synonym: paranoïde

Hungarian

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p?r?noj?]
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?no?ia
• Rhymes: -j?

Noun

paranoia

1. (psychology) paranoia (a psychotic disorder)

Declension

Derived terms

• paranoiás

References

Further reading

• paranoia in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmez? szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: ?ISBN

Italian

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoie)

1. (psychology, figuratively) paranoia

Related terms

• paranoico
• paranoide

Portuguese

Alternative forms

• paranóia (obsolete form)

Etymology

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”).

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoias)

1. paranoia (a psychotic disorder characterised by delusions of persecution)

Romanian

Etymology

From French paranoia

Noun

paranoia f (uncountable)

1. paranoia

Declension

Spanish

Etymology

From Ancient Greek ???????? (paránoia, “madness”). More at paranoia.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa?a?noja/, [pa.?a?no.ja]
• Hyphenation: pa?ra?no?ia

Noun

paranoia f (plural paranoias)

1. paranoia

Derived terms

• paranoico
• paranoide

Further reading

• “paranoia” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

English

Etymology

From French pessimisme, from Latin pessimus (“worst”), superlative of malus (“bad”).As a doctrine, from German Pessimismus as used by the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer in 1819.

Noun

pessimism (usually uncountable, plural pessimisms)

1. A general belief that bad things will happen.
2. The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds.
3. (computing) The condition of being pessimal.

Antonyms

• optimism

Related terms

• pessimist
• pessimistic

Derived terms

• cultural pessimism
• ecopessimism

Translations

Further reading

• pessimism in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• pessimism in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
• pessimism at OneLook Dictionary Search

Swedish

Noun

pessimism c

1. pessimism; a general belief that bad things will happen

Declension

Antonyms

• optimism

Related terms

• pessimist
• pessimistisk