different between par vs medium

English

Etymology 1

Abbreviations

Noun

par

1. Abbreviation of paragraph.
2. Abbreviation of parenthesis.
3. Abbreviation of parish.

Adjective

par

1. Abbreviation of parallel.

Etymology 2

Borrowed from French par (“through, by”), from Latin per (“through”). Doublet of per.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /p??/
• (US) IPA^(key): /p??/, [p???], [p???]
• Rhymes: -??(?)

Preposition

par

1. By; with.

Usage notes

• Used frequently in Middle English in phrases taken from French, being sometimes written as a part of the word which it governs; as, par amour, or paramour; par cas, or parcase; par fay, or parfay.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin p?r (“equal”).

Noun

par (plural pars)

1. Equal value; equality of nominal and actual value; the value expressed on the face or in the words of a certificate of value, as a bond or other commercial paper.
2. Equality of condition or circumstances.
4. (golf, mostly uncountable) The allotted number of strokes to reach the hole.

5. (golf, countable) A hole in which a player achieves par.
6. (Britain) An amount which is taken as an average or mean.

Coordinate terms

(golf score):

• buzzard
• bogey
• birdie
• eagle
• albatross
• condor
• ostrich

Derived terms

Verb

par (third-person singular simple present pars, present participle parring, simple past and past participle parred)

1. (transitive, golf) To reach the hole in the allotted number of strokes.

Etymology 4

Noun

par (plural pars)

1. Alternative form of parr (“young salmon”)

Anagrams

• APR, ARP, Apr, Apr., Arp, PRA, RAP, RPA, Rap, apr, arp, rap

Ambonese Malay

Etymology

Borrowed from Portuguese para.

Preposition

par

1. for

Aromanian

Etymology 1

From Latin p?re?. Compare Daco-Romanian p?rea, par.

Alternative forms

• paru, ampar, apar, aparu

Verb

par (past participle pãrutã)

1. I seem, appear.

Derived terms

• pãreari / pãreare
• pãrut

See also

• undzescu

Etymology 2

From Latin p?lus. Compare Daco-Romanian par.

Alternative forms

• paru

Noun

par

1. stake

Related terms

• mpar

Chavacano

Etymology

From Spanish par (“pair”).

Noun

par

1. pair

Danish

Etymology 1

From late Old Danish par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin p?r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p??]
• Rhymes: -ar

Noun

par n (singular definite parret, plural indefinite par)

1. pair
2. couple

Inflection

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English par.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p???]

Noun

par c

1. (golf) par (the allotted number of strokes to reach the hole)

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the main entry.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [?p???]

Verb

par

1. imperative of parre

Faroese

Etymology

From late Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin p?r.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??a??/
• Rhymes: -?a??

Noun

par n (genitive singular pars, plural pør)

1. pair

Declension

French

Etymology

From Middle French par, from Old French par, from Latin per, from Proto-Indo-European *peri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa?/
• Homophones: pars, part
• Rhymes: -a?

Preposition

par

1. through

2. by (used to introduce a means; used to introduce an agent in a passive construction))

3. over (used to express direction)

4. from (used to describe the origin of something, especially a view or movement)

5. around, round (inside of)

6. on (situated on, used in certain phrases)

7. on, at, in (used to denote a time when something occurs)

8. in

9. per, a, an

10. out of (used to describe the reason for something)

11. for

Derived terms

• de par
• par ici
• par là

Descendants

• ? English: par

Noun

par m (plural pars)

1. (golf) par

Further reading

• “par” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• rap

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

par

1. for
2. through
3. by

Gabrielino-Fernandeño

Alternative forms

• paar /pa?r/, pa'r
• paara'

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *pa.

Noun

par

1. water

References

• Kroeber, Shoshonean Dialects of California, in University of California Publications: American archaeology and ethnology, volume 4, page 81
• HG

Icelandic

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p?a?r/
• Rhymes: -a?r

Etymology 1

From Middle Low German par, from Latin p?r (“equal”).

Noun

par n (genitive singular pars, nominative plural pör)

1. pair
2. a couple, two people who are dating
3. (poker) pair

Declension

Synonyms

• (pair): tvenna

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English par.

Noun

par n (genitive singular pars, no plural)

1. (golf) par

Declension

Indo-Portuguese

Etymology

From Portuguese para, from Old Portuguese pera, from Latin per (“through”) + ad (“to”).

Preposition

par

1. (Diu) to (indicates indirect object)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Já fallou par su pai aquêl mais piquin, […]

     The youngest one told (literally: said to) his father […]

2. (Diu) for (indicates subject of an infinitive)
   • 1883, Hugo Schuchardt, Kreolische Studien, volume 3:

     Trasê tamêm um vaquinh bem gord e matá par nós comê e par nós regalá:

     Bring also a small and very fat cow and kill (it) for us to eat and for us to regale ourselves:

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin per.

Preposition

par

1. for
2. through

Kaqchikel

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *pahay.

Noun

par

1. skunk

References

• Brown, R. McKenna; Maxwell, Judith M.; Little, Walter E. (2006) ¿La ütz awäch? Introduction to Kaqchikel Maya Language, Austin: University of Texas Press, page 237
• Ruyán Canú, Déborah; Coyote Tum, Rafael; Munson L., Jo Ann (1991) Diccionario cakchiquel central y español?^[2] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano de Centroamérica, page 180

Latin

Etymology

Unclear. A traditional reconstruction is Proto-Indo-European *perH- (“exchange”), comparing Ancient Greek ??????? (pérn?mi) etc. and Lithuanian pirkti; but this accounts badly for the /a(?)/. Others refrain from assigning an Indo-European root.

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /pa?r/, [pä?r]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /par/, [p?r]

Adjective

p?r (genitive paris, comparative parior, superlative parissimus, adverb pariter); third-declension one-termination adjective

1. even (of a number)
2. equal
3. like
4. suitable

Declension

Third-declension one-termination adjective.

Derived terms

Descendants

See also

• aequus
• similis

Latvian

Preposition

par (with accusative)

1. about, on
2. than
3. for (price)
4. as

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French par.

Conjunction

par

1. by (introduces an agent)
   • .

Descendants

• French: par
  • ? English: par

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From *p- + *ar-, cognate with Avestan ????????????????-? (y?r?-, “year”), English year, all from Proto-Indo-European *yeh?r- (“year”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p???/

Noun

par f

1. share, part

Noun

par f

1. last year

Adverb

par

1. last year

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para or parene)

1. a pair

2. a couple
3. a few (determiner)

Derived terms

• brudepar
• ektepar
• kongepar
• parvis

Noun

par n

1. (golf, uncountable) par

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p??r/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse par, from Middle Low German par, from Latin paria (“equals”), neuter plural of p?r. Akin to English pair.

Noun

par n (definite singular paret, indefinite plural par, definite plural para)

1. a pair

2. a couple
3. a few (determiner)

Derived terms

• brudepar
• ektepar
• kongepar
• parvis

Etymology 2

From English par

Noun

par n

1. (golf, uncountable) par

References

• “par” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Etymology

From Latin per.

Conjunction

par

1. by; via (introduces a medium)
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide

     Tost m'oceïst par son orguel.

     Soon, he killed with his pride.

2. because of; due to (introduces a medium)
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide

     Premiers sont au mostier venu,
     La furent par devocion

     The first ones came to the minster,
     they were there to pray

3. by
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide

     L'une a l'autre par la main prise,

     They took each other by the hand

4. by; through; across
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide

     Li cheval par le chanp s'an fuient.

     The horses fled through the field

5. by (introduces an exclamation)
   • circa 1170, Chrétien de Troyes, Érec et Énide

     "Sire, par Deu et par sa croiz!

     "Sire! By God and by his cross!"

6. in (at a location)

Descendants

• Middle French: par
  • French: par
    • ? English: par
• Lorrain: poir
• Picard: per

Phalura

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /par/

Adverb

par (Perso-Arabic spelling ??)

1. suddenly

Alternative forms

• pras

References

• Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)?^[3], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, ?ISBN

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /par/

Noun

par

1. genitive plural of para
2. genitive plural of pary

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese par, from Latin p?r (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /?pa?/
• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /?pa?/
• Hyphenation: par

Noun

par m (plural pares)

1. pair
2. partner
3. couple
4. peer
5. (golf) par

Derived terms

• grupo de pares

Adjective

par m or f (plural pares, not comparable)

1. (mathematics) even

   Antonym: impar

Related terms

• díspar
• ímpar
• paridade

Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin p?lus (“stake”), from Proto-Italic *p?kslos, from Proto-Indo-European *peh??-slos, from *peh??-.

Noun

par m (plural pari)

1. stake

Related terms

• împ?ra

See also

• ?eap?

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin par.

Adjective

par m or n (feminine singular par?, masculine plural pari, feminine and neuter plural pare)

1. (of an integer) even; divisible by two

Antonyms

• impar

Etymology 3

Form of p?rea.

Verb

par

1. first-person singular present indicative of p?rea
2. first-person singular present subjunctive of p?rea
3. third-person plural present indicative of p?rea

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From German Paar, from Latin par (“equal, like”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pâ?r/

Noun

p?r m (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. pair, couple
2. (informal) few, handful, several

Declension

Derived terms

• p?ran

Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pà?r/

Noun

pár m inan

1. pair
2. some, a couple (of)
3. couple (two partners)
4. (golf)) par
5. (card games) (poker) pair

Inflection

Synonyms

• (some): nekaj

See also

Further reading

• “par”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin p?r (“equal, like”), from Proto-Indo-European *per (“exchange”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa?/, [?pa?]

Adjective

par (plural pares)

1. even (divisible by two)

   Antonym: impar

Derived terms

Noun

par m (plural pares)

1. pair (two of the same or similar items that go together)

2. couple (two of the same or similar items)

3. (physics) two equal non-collinear forces; that is a force couple in Newtonian mechanics
4. peer (somebody who is, or something that is, at a level equal)
5. some, a few

Noun

par f (plural pares)

1. (finance) par (acceptable level)

Derived terms

Related terms

• impar
• parejo

Further reading

• “par” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

Swedish

Pronunciation

Noun

par n

1. a pair, a couple (either two or a few of something)
2. a couple, two people who are dating

Declension

Related terms

Descendants

• ? Finnish: pari

Anagrams

• apr, rap

Tok Pisin

Noun

par

1. stingray

Venetian

Alternative forms

• paro
• pèr

Etymology

From Latin p?r. Compare Italian paio.

Noun

par m (plural pari)

1. pair

West Frisian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

par c (plural parren, diminutive parke)

1. pear

Further reading

• “par”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin medium, neuter of medius (“middle”). Compare middle. Cognate with Spanish medio (“middle; half; means, medium, way”).

Pronunciation

• enPR: m?'di?m, IPA^(key): /?mi?d??m/
• Rhymes: -i?di?m

Noun

medium (plural media or medias or mediums)

1. (plural media or mediums) The material of the surrounding environment, e.g. solid, liquid, gas, vacuum, or a specific substance such as a solvent.
3. (plural media or mediums) The materials or empty space through which signals, waves, or forces pass.
   • 1626, Francis Bacon, Sylva Sylvarum: or A Naturall Historie, London: William Lee, III. Century, p. 60,^[1]

     Whether any other Liquours, being made Mediums, cause a Diuersity of Sound from Water, it may be tried:

   • 1642, John Denham, The Sophy, London: Thomas Walkley, Act II, Scene 1, page 12,^[2]

     He’s old and jealous, apt for suspitions, gainst which tyrants ears

     Are never clos’d. The Prince is young,

     Fierce, and ambitious, I must bring together

     All these extreames, and then remove all Mediums,

     That each may be the others object.

5. (plural media or mediums) A format for communicating or presenting information.
6. (plural media or mediums, microbiology) A nutrient solution for the growth of cells in vitro.
   • 1996, Samuel Baron (editor), Medical Microbiology:

     In some instances one can take advantage of differential carbohydrate fermentation capabilities of microorganisms by incorporating one or more carbohydrates in the medium along with a suitable pH indicator. Such media are called differential media (e.g., eosin methylene blue or MacConkey agar) and are commonly used to isolate enteric bacilli.

7. (plural media or mediums) A means, channel, agency or go-between through which communication, commerce, etc is conveyed or carried on, or by which an aim is achieved.
   • 2007, Reuben Gold Thwaites, Early Western Travels, 1748-1846, Reprint Services Corporation (?ISBN), page 186:

     His loyalty to the English was doubtful and wavering, and his opposition to Post's journey was probably due to fears that his own importance as a medium between the Ohio Indians and the English would be diminished by the former's success.

8. (plural mediums, spiritualism) Someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.
9. (plural mediums or media) A liquid base which carries pigment in paint.
10. (plural mediums or media, painting) A means of expression, in the arts, such as a material (oil, pastel, clay, etc) or method or style (expressionism, jazz, etc).

    Acrylics, oils, charcoal, and gouache are all mediums I used in my painting.

    • 1898, Missouri Department of Education, Report of the Public Schools of the State of Missouri, page 98:

      Heretofore in following the course, the student has been confined to black and white in the medium of charcoal, pen and ink or pencil. The first introduction to color is by means of the Still Life painting class.

    • 1966, John P. Sedgwick, Discovering Modern Art: The Intelligent Layman's Guide to Painting from Impressionism to Pop

      It was the woodcut, however, that emerged as the favorite graphic medium of Expressionism. Rejecting the almost limitless pictorial possibilities of lithography, which had dominated printmaking during the nineteenth century, […]

    • 1967, Barnet Kottler, Martin Light, The World of Words: A Language Reader:

      So we get a people in rebellion against a dominant majority, but forced to rebel secretly, to sublimate, as the psychologist would put it — to express themselves culturally through the medium of jaz , and linguistically through a code, a jargon  ...

    • 1974, Karl Siegfried Weimar, German Language and Literature: Seven Essays, Prentice Hall

      Prose is not the preferred medium of expressionism, yet some outstanding individual examples come to mind, for example: Robert Walser's (1876–1956) surrealistic miniatures and novels of a dreamlike structure reminiscent of Kafka […]

    • 1999, Jet, page 29:

      The Pulitzer board said the award was given “in recognition of his musical genius, which evoked aesthetically the principles of democracy through the medium of jazz and thus made an indelible contribution to art and culture.”

11. (plural media or mediums, engineering) The materials used to finish a workpiece using a mass finishing or abrasive blasting process.
12. (plural mediums) Anything having a measurement intermediate between extremes, such as a garment or container.
13. (plural mediums) A person whom garments or apparel of intermediate size fit.
14. (plural mediums, Ireland, dated, informal) A half-pint serving of Guinness (or other stout in some regions).
15. A middle place or degree.

    a happy medium

    • 1692, Roger L’Estrange, Fables of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists with Morals and Reflexions, London: R. Sare et al., Fable 215. An Oak and a Willow, Reflexion, p. 188,^[4]

      […] the Just Medium of This Case lies betwixt the Pride, and the Abjection of the Two Extreams.

    • 1815, Jane Austen, Emma, London: John Murray, Volume 2, Chapter 2, p. 29,^[5]

      Her height was pretty […] her figure particularly graceful; her size a most becoming medium, between fat and thin […]

    • 1850, Charles Dickens, David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, Chapter 44, p. 453,^[6]

      In search of the principle on which joints ought to be roasted, to be roasted enough, and not too much, I myself referred to the Cookery Book […] . But the principle always failed us by some curious fatality, and we never could hit any medium between redness and cinders.

16. (dated) An average; sometimes the mathematical mean.
    • 1769, Edmund Burke, Observations on a Late State of the Nation, London: J. Dodsley, p. 13,^[7]

      a medium of six years of war, and six years of peace

17. (logic) The mean or middle term of a syllogism, that by which the extremes are brought into connection.

Derived terms

• (microbiology, nutrient solution): differential medium
• (person claiming to convey information from the spirit world): mediumistic, mediumism, mediumship
• (middle place or degree): happy medium, strike a medium

Translations

Adjective

medium (not comparable)

1. (obsolete) Arithmetically average.
2. Of intermediate size, degree, amount etc.
3. Of meat, cooked to a point greater than rare but less than well done; typically, so the meat is still red in the centre.

Synonyms

• See also Thesaurus:intermediate

Derived terms

• medium wave, mediumwave

Related terms

• mean
• mediate
• mediation
• mediator
• median
• mediocre
• mediocrity

Translations

Adverb

medium (comparative more medium, superlative most medium)

1. to a medium extent

Synonyms

• mediumly

References

• medium in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• medium in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• edimmu

Danish

Etymology

From Latin medium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /me?di?m/, [?me??d?j?m]

Noun

medium or medie n (singular definite mediet, plural indefinite medier)

1. medium

Inflection

Adjective

medium (neuter medium, plural and definite singular attributive medium)

1. medium

Further reading

• medium on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^da

Dutch

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin medium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?me?di?m/

Noun

medium n (plural media, diminutive mediumpje n)

1. means, system or instrument for fulfilling an end
   • 1967, Evert Willem Barth, Moderne logica, Van Gorcum, 138-139.

     Het is zeer aannemelijk dat sommige talen zich er beter toe lenen dan andere, als medium voor het logisch denken dienst te doen.

     It is very probable that some language are more suitable to being used as a medium for logical thinking than others are.

2. (physics) medium which a wave or force traverses
   • 2009, Douglas C. Giancoli, Natuurkunde. Deel 2: Elektriciteit, magnetism, optica en moderne fysica, (tr. by Marianne Kerkhof & Louis Rijk Vertaling, red. by Luc van Hoorebeeke & Jan Rykebusch), Pearson (4th edition), 1100.

     Ze noemden dit transparante medium de ether en gingen ervan uit dat de hele ruimte ervan doordrongen was.

     They called this transparent medium aether and assumed that all of space was completely pervaded by it.

3. (grammar) middle voice
4. (communication, media) means of communication, media outlet
5. (communication) data medium, something that contains data
6. channeler, someone who claims to access the dead

Derived terms

• geluidsmedium
• lichtmedium
• massamedium
• mediopassief
• taalmedium

Descendants

• ? Indonesian: medium

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English medium, from Latin medium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?midi?m/

Noun

medium n (plural mediums)

1. something of medium size

Adjective

medium (not comparable)

1. of medium size
2. (of meat) medium rare

Inflection

Synonyms

• (medium rare): halfgaar

Indonesian

Etymology

• From Dutch medium, from Latin medium.
• Semantic loan from English medium for a measurement intermediate between extremes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [me?di?m]
• Hyphenation: mé?di?um

Noun

medium or médium

1. medium,
   1. anything having a measurement intermediate between extremes.
   2. the means, channel, or agency by which an aim is achieved.
   3. someone who supposedly conveys information from the spirit world.
   4. (physics) the materials or empty space through which signals, waves or forces pass.
   5. (biology) a nutrient solution for the growth.
2. (rare) media

Alternative forms

• media

Further reading

• “medium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?me.di.um/, [?m?d?i???]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?me.di.um/, [?m??d?ium]

Adjective

medium

1. inflection of medius:
   1. masculine accusative singular
   2. neuter nominative/accusative/vocative singular

Noun

medium n (genitive medi? or med?); second declension

1. middle, center, medium, midst
2. community, public, publicity

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

• e medio abeo
• in medio

Descendants

Noun

medium

1. accusative singular of medius
2. genitive singular of medius

References

• medium in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• medium in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• medium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book?^[8], London: Macmillan and Co.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin medium

Noun

medium n (definite singular mediet, indefinite plural medier, definite plural media or mediene)

1. a medium (also in spiritualism)

Derived terms

• kjølemedium
• massemedium

See also

• medie-

References

• “medium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin medium.

Noun

medium n (definite singular mediet, indefinite plural medium, definite plural media)

1. a medium (also in spiritualism)

Derived terms

• kjølemedium
• massemedium

See also

• medie-

References

• “medium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Swedish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin medium.

Noun

medium n

1. a medium, a middle part in communication, a substance useful for communication (e.g. aether), a spiritual connection

Declension

Related terms

• etermedium
• massmedium
• medel
• mediaklimat
• medial