different between pale vs black

English

Pronunciation

• enPR: p?l, IPA^(key): /pe?l/
  • IPA^(key): [p?e???], [p?e??]
• (US)
• Rhymes: -e?l
• Homophone: pail

Etymology 1

From Middle English pale, from Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”). Doublet of pallid.

Adjective

pale (comparative paler, superlative palest)

1. Light in color.

   • “Heavens!” exclaimed Nina, “the blue-stocking and the fogy!—and yours are pale blue, Eileen!—you’re about as self-conscious as Drina—slumping there with your hair tumbling à la Mérode! Oh, it's very picturesque, of course, but a straight spine and good grooming is better. […]”

2. (of human skin) Having a pallor (a light color, especially due to sickness, shock, fright etc.).
3. Feeble, faint.

   He is but a pale shadow of his former self.

Synonyms

• (human skin): See also Thesaurus:pallid

Derived terms

• pale thrush

Translations

Verb

pale (third-person singular simple present pales, present participle paling, simple past and past participle paled)

1. (intransitive) To turn pale; to lose colour.
2. (intransitive) To become insignificant.
   • 12 July 2012, Sam Adams, AV Club Ice Age: Continental Drift

     The matter of whether the world needs a fourth Ice Age movie pales beside the question of why there were three before it, but Continental Drift feels less like an extension of a theatrical franchise than an episode of a middling TV cartoon, lolling around on territory that’s already been settled.

3. (transitive) To make pale; to diminish the brightness of.

Derived terms

• pale in comparison

Translations

Noun

pale

1. (obsolete) Paleness; pallor.
   • 1593, William Shakespeare, Venus and Adonis, lines 589–592:

     The boare (quoth ?he) whereat a ?uddain pale, / Like lawne being ?pred vpon the blu?hing ro?e, / V?urpes her cheeke, ?he trembles at his tale, / And on his neck her yoaking armes ?he throwes.

Etymology 2

From Middle English pale, pal, borrowed from Old French pal, from Latin p?lus (“stake, prop”). English inherited the word pole (or, rather Old English p?l) from a much older Proto-Germanic borrowing of the same Latin word.

Doublet of peel and pole.

Noun

pale (plural pales)

1. A wooden stake; a picket.
   • 1707, John Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry, London: H. Mortlock & J. Robinson, 2nd edition, 1708, Chapter 1, pp. 11-12,^[4]

     […] if you de?ign it a Fence to keep in Deer, at every eight or ten Foot di?tance, ?et a Po?t with a Mortice in it to ?tand a little ?loping over the ?ide of the Bank about two Foot high; and into the Mortices put a Rail […] and no Deer will go over it, nor can they creep through it, as they do often, when a Pale tumbles down.

2. (archaic) Fence made from wooden stake; palisade.
   • c. 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1, Act IV, Scene 2,^[5]

     How are we park’d and bounded in a pale,

     A little herd of England’s timorous deer,

     Mazed with a yelping kennel of French curs!

   • 1615, Ralph Hamor, A True Discourse of the Present Estate of Virginia, London: William Welby, p. 13,^[6]

     Fourthly, they ?hall not vpon any occa?ion what?oeuer breake downe any of our pales, or come into any of our Townes or forts by any other waies, i??ues or ports then ordinary [...].

3. (by extension) Limits, bounds (especially before of).
   • 1645, John Milton, Il Penseroso, in The Poetical Works of Milton, volume II, Edinburgh: Sands, Murray, and Cochran, published 1755, p. 151, lines 155–160:^[7]

     But let my due feet never fail, / To walk the ?tudious cloy?ters pale, / And love the high embowed roof, / With antic pillars ma??y proof, / And ?toried windows richly dight, / Ca?ting a dim religious light.

   • 1900, Jack London, Son of the Wolf:The Wisdom of the Trail:

     Men so situated, beyond the pale of the honor and the law, are not to be trusted.

   • 1919, B. G. Jefferis and J. L. Nichols, Searchlights on Health:When and Whom to Marry:

     All things considered, we advise the male reader to keep his desires in check till he is at least twenty-five, and the female not to enter the pale of wedlock until she has attained the age of twenty.

4. The bounds of morality, good behaviour or judgment in civilized company, in the phrase beyond the pale.
   • 2016 October 19, Jeff Flake, on Twitter:

     .@realDonaldTrump saying that he might not accept election results is beyond the pale.

5. (heraldry) A vertical band down the middle of a shield.
6. (archaic) A territory or defensive area within a specific boundary or under a given jurisdiction.
   1. (historical) The parts of Ireland under English jurisdiction.
   2. (historical) The territory around Calais under English control (from the 14th to 16th centuries).
      • 2009, Hilary Mantel, Wolf Hall, Fourth Estate 2010, p. 402:

        He knows the fortifications – crumbling – and beyond the city walls the lands of the Pale, its woods, villages and marshes, its sluices, dykes and canals.

      • 2011, Thomas Penn, Winter King, Penguin 2012, p. 73:

        A low-lying, marshy enclave stretching eighteen miles along the coast and pushing some eight to ten miles inland, the Pale of Calais nestled between French Picardy to the west and, to the east, the imperial-dominated territories of Flanders.

   3. (historical) A portion of Russia in which Jews were permitted to live.
7. (archaic) The jurisdiction (territorial or otherwise) of an authority.
8. A cheese scoop.
9. A shore for bracing a timber before it is fastened.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Spencer to this entry?)

Translations

Verb

pale (third-person singular simple present pales, present participle paling, simple past and past participle paled)

1. To enclose with pales, or as if with pales; to encircle or encompass; to fence off.
   • c. 1609, William Shakespeare, Cymbeline, Act III, Scene 1,^[8]

     […] your i?le, which ?tands / As Neptunes Parke, ribb’d, and pal’d in / With Oakes vn?kaleable, and roaring Waters, / With Sands that will not bear your Enemies Boates, / But ?uck them vp to th’ Top-ma?t.

Related terms

• impale
• palisade
• pallescent

References

Anagrams

• Alep, LEAP, Lape, Leap, Peal, e-pal, leap, peal, pela, plea

Afrikaans

Noun

pale

1. plural of paal

Estonian

Noun

pale (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

1. cheek

Declension

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

French

Etymology

From Latin p?la (“shovel, spade”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pal/
• Homophone: pâle (chiefly France)

Noun

pale f (plural pales)

1. blade (of a propeller etc)
2. vane (of a windmill etc)

Further reading

• “pale” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

Anagrams

• Alep, lape, lapé, pela

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French parler (“talk, speak”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pa.le/

Verb

pale

1. to talk, to speak

Italian

Noun

pale f

1. plural of pala

Anagrams

• alpe, pela

Jakaltek

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish padre (“father”).

Noun

pale

1. priest

References

• Church, Clarence; Church, Katherine (1955) Vocabulario castellano-jacalteco, jacalteco-castellano?^[10] (in Spanish), Guatemala C. A.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, pages 17; 39

Latin

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ancient Greek ???? (pál?).

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /?pa.le?/, [?pä??e?]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /?pa.le/, [?p??l?]

Noun

pal? f (genitive pal?s); first declension

1. a wrestling

Declension

First-declension noun (Greek-type).

Etymology 2

Noun

p?le

1. vocative singular of p?lus

References

• pale in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• pale in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
• pale in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• pale in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Lindu

Noun

pale

1. (anatomy) hand

Lower Sorbian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pal?/, [?pal?]

Participle

pale

1. third-person plural present of pali?

Norman

Etymology

From Old French pale, from Latin pallidus (“pale, pallid”).

Adjective

pale m or f

1. (Jersey) pale

Synonyms

• bliême

Northern Kurdish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /p???l?/

Noun

pale ?

1. worker

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

pale n (definite singular paleet, indefinite plural pale or paleer, definite plural palea or paleene)

1. alternative spelling of palé

Norwegian Nynorsk

Noun

pale n (definite singular paleet, indefinite plural pale, definite plural palea)

1. alternative spelling of palé

Old French

Alternative forms

• pasle
• paule

Etymology

From Latin pallidus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa.l?/

Adjective

pale m (oblique and nominative feminine singular pale)

1. pale, whitish or having little color

Descendants

• English: pale
• French: pâle
• Norman: pale (Jersey)

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /?pa.l?/
• Homophone: pal?

Noun

pale m

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of pal

Noun

pale m

1. locative/vocative singular of pa?

Noun

pale f

1. dative/locative singular of pa?a

Further reading

• pale in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Serbo-Croatian

Verb

pale (Cyrillic spelling ????)

1. third-person plural present of paliti

Swahili

Pronunciation

Adjective

pale

1. Pa class inflected form of -le.

English

Alternative forms

• Black (race-related)

Pronunciation

• enPR: bl?k, IPA^(key): /blæk/
• (UK) IPA^(key): /blak/
• Rhymes: -æk

Etymology

From Middle English blak, black, blake, from Old English blæc (“black, dark", also "ink”), from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt”) (compare Dutch blaken (“to burn”), Low German blak, black (“blackness, black paint, (black) ink”), Old High German blah (“black”)), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *b?leg- (“to burn, shine”) (compare Latin flagr?re (“to burn”), Ancient Greek ???? (phlóx, “flame”), Sanskrit ???? (bharga, “radiance”)). More at bleach.

Adjective

black (comparative blacker or more black, superlative blackest or most black)

1. (of an object) Absorbing all light and reflecting none; dark and hueless.
2. (of a place, etc) Without light.
3. (sometimes capitalized) Belonging to or descended from any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes below.)
   • 1975 May, Terry Hodges, in Ebony, page 10:

     I am a young, light-skinned black woman, and truer words were never written of the problem we light-skinned blacks have had to live with. The article explains in-depth what it's like.
4. (chiefly historical) Designated for use by those ethnic groups.

   black drinking fountain; black hospital

5. (card games, of a card) Of the spades or clubs suits. Compare red (“of the hearts or diamonds suit”)

   I was dealt two red queens, and he got one of the black queens.

6. Bad; evil; ill-omened.
   • 1655, Benjamin Needler, Expository notes, with practical observations; towards the opening of the five first chapters of the first book of Moses called Genesis. London: N. Webb and W. Grantham, page 168.

     ...what a black day would that be, when the Ordinances of Jesus Christ should as it were be excommunicated, and cast out of the Church of Christ.
7. Expressing menace, or discontent; threatening; sullen.

   He shot her a black look.

8. (of objects, markets, etc) Illegitimate, illegal or disgraced.
   • 1866, The Contemporary Review, London: A. Strahan, page 338.

     Foodstuffs were rationed and, as in other countries in a similar situation, the black market was flourishing.

9. (Ireland, informal) Overcrowded.
10. (of coffee or tea) Without any cream, milk, or creamer.

    Jim drinks his coffee black, but Ellen prefers it with creamer.

11. (board games, chess) Of or relating to the playing pieces of a board game deemed to belong to the "black" set (in chess the set used by the player who moves second) (often regardless of the pieces' actual colour).

    The black pieces in this chess set are made of dark blue glass.

12. (typography) Said of a symbol or character that is solid, filled with color. Compare white (“said of a character or symbol outline, not filled with color”).

    Compare two Unicode symbols: ? = "WHITE RIGHT POINTING INDEX"; ? = BLACK RIGHT POINTING INDEX

13. (politics) Related to the Christian Democratic Union of Germany.

    After the election, the parties united in a black-yellow alliance.

14. Clandestine; relating to a political, military, or espionage operation or site, the existence or details of which is withheld from the general public.

    5 percent of the Defense Department funding will go to black projects.

    black operations/black ops, black room, black site

15. Occult; relating to something (such as mystical or magical knowledge) which is unknown to or kept secret from the general public.
    • 2014, J.R.R. Tolkien, Beowulf: A Translation and Commentary, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (?ISBN), page 168:

      But a hel-rúne was one who knew secret black knowledge – and the association of hell with the dead shows that the gloss in O.H.G. 'necromancia' is very close.

16. (Ireland, now derogatory) Protestant, often with the implication of being militantly pro-British or anti-Catholic. (Compare blackmouth ("Presbyterian").)

    the Black North (Ulster)

    the Royal Black Institution

    • 1812, Edward Wakefield, An Account of Ireland, Statistical and Political Vol. 2, p. 737:

      There is a district, comprehending Donegal, the interior of the county of Derry, and the western side of Tyrone, which is emphatically called by the people "the Black North," an expression not meant, as I conceive, to mark its greater exposure to the westerly winds, but rather its dreary aspect.

    • 1841 March 20, "Intelligence; Catholicity in Ulster" Catholic Herald (Bengal), Vol. 2 No. 1, p. 27:

      Even in the "black North"—in " Protestant Ulster"—Catholicity is progressing at a rate that must strike terror into its enemies, and impart pride and hope to the professors of the faith of our sainted forefathers.

    • 1886 Thomas Power O'Connor, The Parnell Movement: With a Sketch of Irish Parties from 1843, page 520:

      To the southern Nationalist the north was chiefly known as the home of the most rabid religious and political intolerance perhaps in the whole Christian world; it was designated by the comprehensive title of the 'Black North.'

    • 1914 May 27, "Review of The North Afire by W. Douglas Newton", The Sketch: A Journal of Art and Actuality, volume 86, page t:

      Now April's brother, once also holding a commission in that regiment, was an Ulster Volunteer, her father a staunch, black Protestant, her family tremulously "loyal" to the country whose Parliament was turning them out of its councils.

    • 1985 April, J. A. Weaver, "John Henry Biggart 1905-1979 — A portrait in respect and affection", Ulster Medical Journal, volume 54, number 1, page 1:

      He [Sir John Henry Biggart] was personally amused at having once been called "a black bastard".

    • 2007 September 6, Fintan O'Toole, "Diary", London Review of Books volume 29, number 17, page 35:

      He had been playing Gaelic football for Lisnaskea Emmets, his local team in County Fermanagh, against a team from nearby Brookeborough, when someone from the opposing team called him a ‘black cunt’. ‘Black’, in this case, was a reference not to the colour of his skin but to his religion. It is short for ‘Black Protestant’, a long-standing term of sectarian abuse.

17. Having one or more features (hair, fur, armour, clothes, bark, etc) that is dark (or black); in taxonomy, especially: dark in comparison to another species with the same base name.

    black birch, black locust, black rhino

    the black knight, black bile

18. Foul; dirty.

Usage notes

• In the United States, black typically refers to people of African descent, including indirect African descent via the Caribbean, including those with light skin. In the United Kingdom, black often includes dark-skinned Asians. In Australian, Aboriginal Australians are often referred to as or identify as black. In New Zealand, Maoris are sometimes referred to as or identify as black.
• Some style guides recommend capitalizing Black in reference to the racial group, while others advise using lowercase (black); lowercase is more common.

Synonyms

• (dark and colourless): dark; swart; see also Thesaurus:black
• (without light): dark, gloomy, pitch-black

Antonyms

• (dark and colourless): white, nonblack, unblack
• (without light): bright, illuminated, lit

Derived terms

(taxonomy: having dark features):

(other senses):

Related terms

Descendants

• Bislama: blak
• Tok Pisin: blak
• Torres Strait Creole: blaik
• ? Dutch: black
• ? French: black
• ? Greek: ??????? (blákis)

Translations

See black/translations § Adjective.

Noun

black (countable and uncountable, plural blacks)

1. (countable and uncountable) The colour/color perceived in the absence of light, but also when no light is reflected, but rather absorbed.
2. (countable and uncountable) A black dye or pigment.
3. (countable) A pen, pencil, crayon, etc., made of black pigment.
4. (in the plural) Black cloth hung up at funerals.
   • 1625, Francis Bacon, "Of Death", Essays:

     Groans, and convulsions, and a discolored face, and friends weeping, and blacks, and obsequies, and the like, show death terrible.

5. (sometimes capitalised, countable) A member of descendant of any of various (African, Aboriginal, etc) ethnic groups which typically have dark pigmentation of the skin. (See usage notes above.)
6. (informal) Blackness, the condition of belonging to or being descended from one of these ethnic groups.

7. (billiards, snooker, pool, countable) The black ball.
8. (baseball, countable) The edge of home plate.
9. (Britain, countable) A type of firecracker that is really more dark brown in colour.
10. (informal, countable) Blackcurrant syrup (in mixed drinks, e.g. snakebite and black, cider and black).
11. (in chess and similar games, countable) The person playing with the black set of pieces.

    At this point black makes a disastrous move.

12. (countable) Something, or a part of a thing, which is black.
    • 1644, Kenelm Digby, Two Treatises

      the black or sight of the eye

13. (obsolete, countable) A stain; a spot.
    • 1619, William Rowley, All's Lost by Lust

      defiling her white lawn of chastity with ugly blacks of lust

14. A dark smut fungus, harmful to wheat.
15. (US, slang) Marijuana.

Synonyms

• (colour or absence of light):
  • blackness
• (person):
  • (standard) African American (in the US), Afro-American (in the US), person of African descent
  • (usually derogatory or historical): Negro, colored
  • (derogatory): coon, darkie or darky, nigger

Antonyms

• (colour, dye, pen): white

Derived terms

Descendants

• ? Japanese: ???? (burakku)
• ? Volapük: bläg

Translations

See black/translations § Noun.

Verb

black (third-person singular simple present blacks, present participle blacking, simple past and past participle blacked)

1. (transitive) To make black; to blacken.
   • 1859, Oliver Optic, Poor and Proud; or, The Fortunes of Katy Redburn, a Story for Young Folks [5]

     "I don't want to fight; but you are a mean, dirty blackguard, or you wouldn't have treated a girl like that," replied Tommy, standing as stiff as a stake before the bully.

     "Say that again, and I'll black your eye for you."

   • 1911, Edna Ferber, Buttered Side Down [6]

     Ted, you can black your face, and dye your hair, and squint, and some fine day, sooner or later, somebody'll come along and blab the whole thing.

   • 1922, John Galsworthy, A Family Man: In Three Acts [7]

     I saw red, and instead of a cab I fetched that policeman. Of course father did black his eye.

2. (transitive) To apply blacking to (something).
   • 1853, Harriet Beecher Stowe, The Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin [8]

     […] he must catch, curry, and saddle his own horse; he must black his own brogans (for he will not be able to buy boots).

   • 1861, George William Curtis, Trumps: A Novel [9]

     But in a moment he went to Greenidge's bedside, and said, shyly, in a low voice, "Shall I black your boots for you?"

   • 1911, Max Beerbohm, Zuleika Dobson [10]

     Loving you, I could conceive no life sweeter than hers — to be always near you; to black your boots, carry up your coals, scrub your doorstep; always to be working for you, hard and humbly and without thanks.

3. (Britain, transitive) To boycott, usually as part of an industrial dispute.
   • 2003, Alun Howkins, The Death of Rural England (page 175)

     The plants were blacked by the Transport and General Workers' Union and a consumer boycott was organised; both activities contributed to what the union saw as a victory.

Synonyms

• (make black): blacken, darken, swarten
• (boycott): blackball, blacklist; see also Thesaurus:boycott

Derived terms

Translations

See also

• monochrome
• Appendix:Word formation verb -en noun -ness

References

• black at OneLook Dictionary Search
• black in Keywords for Today: A 21st Century Vocabulary, edited by The Keywords Project, Colin MacCabe, Holly Yanacek, 2018.
• black in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Further reading

• black on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Black on Wikisource.Wikisource

French

Etymology

Borrowed from English black.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /blak/

Adjective

black (plural blacks)

1. relating to a black person or culture

   Synonym: noir

Noun

black m or f (plural blacks)

1. black person

   Synonym: noir

Middle English

Adjective

black

1. Alternative form of blak