different between pack vs abridge
pack
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pæk/, [p?æk]
- Rhymes: -æk
Etymology 1
From Middle English pak, pakke, from Old English pæcca and/or Middle Dutch pak, packe; both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *pakkô (“bundle, pack”). Cognate with Dutch pak (“pack”), Low German Pack (“pack”), German Pack (“pack”), Swedish packe (“pack”), Icelandic pakka, pakki (“package”).
Noun
pack (plural packs)
- A bundle made up and prepared to be carried; especially, a bundle to be carried on the back, but also a load for an animal, a bale.
- A number or quantity equal to the contents of a pack
- A multitude.
- A number or quantity of connected or similar things; a collective.
- A full set of playing cards
- The assortment of playing cards used in a particular game.
- A group of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept together.
- 2005, John D. Skinner and Christian T. Chimimba, The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion
- African wild dogs hunt by sight, although stragglers use their noses to follow the pack.
- 2005, John D. Skinner and Christian T. Chimimba, The Mammals of the Southern African Subregion
- A wolfpack: a number of wolves, hunting together.
- A group of people associated or leagued in a bad design or practice; a gang.
- A group of Cub Scouts.
- A shook of cask staves.
- A bundle of sheet iron plates for rolling simultaneously.
- A large area of floating pieces of ice driven together more or less closely.
- (medicine) An envelope, or wrapping, of sheets used in hydropathic practice, called dry pack, wet pack, cold pack, etc., according to the method of treatment.
- (slang): A loose, lewd, or worthless person.
- (snooker, pool) A tight group of object balls in cue sports. Usually the reds in snooker.
- (rugby) The forwards in a rugby team (eight in Rugby Union, six in Rugby League) who with the opposing pack constitute the scrum.
Synonyms
(full set of cards): deck
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle English pakken, from the noun (see above). Compare Middle Dutch packen (“to pack”), Middle Low German packen (“to pack”).
Verb
pack (third-person singular simple present packs, present participle packing, simple past and past participle packed)
- (physical) To put or bring things together in a limited or confined space, especially for storage or transport.
- (transitive) To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack
- 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator Number 275
- strange materials wound up in that shape and texture, and packed together with wonderful art in the several cavities of the skull
- 1712, Joseph Addison, The Spectator Number 275
- (transitive) To fill in the manner of a pack, that is, compactly and securely, as for transportation; hence, to fill closely or to repletion; to stow away within; to cause to be full; to crowd into.
- (transitive) To wrap in a wet or dry sheet, within numerous coverings.
- (transitive) To make impervious, such as by filling or surrounding with suitable material, or to fit or adjust so as to move without allowing air, water, or steam inside.
- (intransitive) To make up packs, bales, or bundles; to stow articles securely for transportation.
- (intransitive) To form a compact mass, especially in order for transportation.
- (intransitive, of animals) To gather together in flocks, herds, schools or similar groups of animals.
- (transitive, historical) To combine (telegraph messages) in order to send them more cheaply as a single transmission.
- (transitive) To make a pack of; to arrange closely and securely in a pack; hence, to place and arrange compactly as in a pack
- (social) To cheat.
- (transitive, card games) To sort and arrange (the cards) in the pack to give oneself an unfair advantage
- 1733 Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man
- Mighty dukes pack cards for half a crown.
- 1733 Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man
- (transitive) To bring together or make up unfairly, in order to secure a certain result.
- 1687, Francis Atterbury, An answer to some considerations on the spirit of Martin Luther and the original of the Reformation
- The expected council was dwindling into […] a packed assembly of Italian bishops.
- 1687, Francis Atterbury, An answer to some considerations on the spirit of Martin Luther and the original of the Reformation
- (transitive) To contrive unfairly or fraudulently; to plot.
- 1655, Thomas Fuller, The church-history of Britain
- He lost life […] upon a nice point subtilely devised and packed by his enemies.
- 1655, Thomas Fuller, The church-history of Britain
- (intransitive) To put together for morally wrong purposes; to join in cahoots.
- (transitive, card games) To sort and arrange (the cards) in the pack to give oneself an unfair advantage
- (transitive) To load with a pack
- (transitive, figuratively) to load; to encumber.
- To move, send or carry.
- (transitive) To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; especially, to send away peremptorily or suddenly; – sometimes with off. See pack off.
- (transitive, US, chiefly Western US) To transport in a pack, or in the manner of a pack (on the backs of men or animals).
- (intransitive) To depart in haste; – generally with off or away.
- 1723, Jonathan Swift, Stella at Wood-Park:
- Poor Stella must pack off to town.
- 1842, Alfred Tennyson, Dora:
- You shall pack, / And never more darken my doors again.
- 1723, Jonathan Swift, Stella at Wood-Park:
- (transitive, slang) To carry weapons, especially firearms, on one's person.
- (transitive) To cause to go; to send away with baggage or belongings; especially, to send away peremptorily or suddenly; – sometimes with off. See pack off.
- (transitive, sports, slang) To block a shot, especially in basketball.
- (intransitive, rugby, of the forwards in a rugby team) To play together cohesively, specially with reference to their technique in the scrum.
- (intransitive, LGBT, of a drag king, trans man, etc.) To wear a prosthetic penis inside one’s trousers for better verisimilitude.
Synonyms
- (To sort and arrange (the cards) in a pack so as to secure the game unfairly): stack
Antonyms
- (make into a pack): unpack
Derived terms
Translations
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pak/
Noun
pack m (plural packs)
- pack (item of packaging)
- pack ice
- (sports) A rugby team
Middle English
Noun
pack
- Alternative form of pak
Scots
Adjective
pack
- intimate; confidential
Spanish
Etymology
From English pack.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /?pak/, [?pak]
Noun
pack m (plural packs)
- pack, package
- kit, set, bundle
- (colloquial, euphemistic) sexual photos and videos, paid or not, sent over internet, network social; sexting photos
Swedish
Noun
pack n
- a group of unwanted people, lower class people, trash
- stuff, things, luggage; only in the expression pick och pack
Declension
See also
- packa
- paket
Descendants
- ? Finnish: pakka
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abridge
English
Etymology
- From Middle English abreggen (“curtail, lessen”), abregge, abrigge, from Old French abregier abreger, from Late Latin abbrevio (“make brief”), from ad- + br?vio (“shorten”).. Doublet of abbreviate.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??b??d??/
- (US) IPA(key): /??b??d??/
- Rhymes: -?d?
- Hyphenation: a?bridge
Verb
abridge (third-person singular simple present abridges, present participle abridging, simple past and past participle abridged)
- (transitive, archaic) To deprive; to cut off. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350)]
- (transitive, archaic, rare) To debar from. [First attested from around (1150 to 1350)]
- (transitive) To make shorter; to shorten in duration or extent. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
- 1639, Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre, Cambridge, Book 2, Chapter 31, p. 85,[1]
- She retired her self to Sebaste, and abridged her train from State to necessity.
- 1751, Tobias Smollett, The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle, Chapter 86,[2]
- The bridegroom, perceiving his condition, abridged the visit […]
- 1639, Thomas Fuller, The Historie of the Holy Warre, Cambridge, Book 2, Chapter 31, p. 85,[1]
- (transitive) To shorten or contract by using fewer words, yet retaining the sense; to epitomize; to condense[First attested in 1384.]. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
- 1911, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica - Johnson, Samuel
- It was still necessary for the man who had been formerly saluted by the highest authority as dictator of the English language to supply his wants by constant toil. He abridged his Dictionary. He proposed to bring out an edition of Shakespeare by subscription, and many subscribers sent in their names and laid down their money; but he soon found the task so little to his taste that he turned to more attractive employments.
- 1911, 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica - Johnson, Samuel
- (transitive) Cut short; truncate. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
- (transitive) To curtail. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)]
Usage notes
- (deprive): Usually used with to or sometimes with from as, to abridge someone of his rights.
Derived terms
- abridged
- abridger
- abridgement
Related terms
- unabridged
Translations
References
Anagrams
- bigrade, brigade
abridge From the web:
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