different between overwhelming vs confounding

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /?o?v??(h)w?lm??/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /???v??w?lm??/

Verb

overwhelming

1. present participle of overwhelm

Adjective

overwhelming (comparative more overwhelming, superlative most overwhelming)

1. Overpowering, staggering, or irresistibly strong.

   • The vote was taken at once, and it was agreed by an overwhelming majority that rats were comrades.

2. Very great or intense.
3. Extreme.

Antonyms

• underwhelming

Derived terms

• overwhelmingly
• overwhelmingness

Translations

Noun

overwhelming (plural overwhelmings)

1. A situation of being overwhelmed.
   • 2013, David Ford, Theology: A Very Short Introduction (page 9)

     They have centuries of premodern experience in coping with being overwhelmed in multiple ways—not only by God, but also by other overwhelmings that have always been part of the human condition, such as disease, famine, war […]

English

Verb

confounding

1. present participle of confound

Noun

confounding (plural confoundings)

1. The act by which things are confounded, or confused.
2. (epidemiology) The process by which an apparent association between an exposure and an outcome is actually explained by another factor.
   • 2013, Macera CA, Shaffer R, Shaffer PM, Introduction to Epidemiology: Distribution and Determinants of Disease, Cengage Learning, p.158:

     Confounding is defined as the confusion or distortion of measures of association between exposure and outcome as a result of third (or more) variable(s).