different between orthography vs cacography

English

Etymology

From Anglo-Norman ortografie, Middle French orthographie, and their source, Latin orthographia, from Hellenistic Ancient Greek ?????????? (orthographía), from ????? (orthós, “correct”) and ????? (gráph?, “write”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /??????.??.fi/
• (US) enPR: ôrthä?gr?f?, IPA^(key): /??????.??.fi/
• Hyphenation: or?thog?ra?phy
• Rhymes: -????fi

Noun

orthography (countable and uncountable, plural orthographies)

1. The study of correct spelling according to established usage.
2. The aspect of language study concerned with letters and their sequences in words.
3. Synonym of spelling: the specific method of representing a language or the sounds of language by written symbols.
4. (architecture) Orthographic projection; especially its use to draw an elevation, vertical projection etc. of a building.

Quotations

• For quotations using this term, see Citations:orthography.

Synonyms

• (study of representing sound in writing): orthoepy (inexact)

Coordinate terms

• (study of representing sound in writing): orthoepy

Derived terms

Translations

Verb

orthography (third-person singular simple present orthographies, present participle orthographying, simple past and past participle orthographied)

1. (transitive) To write according to established usage.

English

Alternative forms

• kakography

Etymology

From caco- +? -graphy, perhaps after Middle French cacographie.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ka?k????fi/
• Rhymes: -????fi

Noun

cacography (countable and uncountable, plural cacographies)

1. Bad spelling or punctuation, especially unintuitive spellings considered as a feature of a whole language or dialect. [from 16th c.]
   • 1846, Gabriel Surenne, A Practical Grammar of French Rhetoric, IV.4.1:

     A phrase exhibits proofs of cacography, when the accents are misplaced, forgotten, or used erroneously.

   • 1999, Jack Schofield, The Guardian, 25 Feb 1999:

     In 1997, two American entrepreneurs, Robert Hoffer and Timothy Kay, formed a company called Typo.net to try to profit from Web surfers' cacography.
2. Poor or illegible handwriting. [from 17th c.]
   • 1904, John Rexford, What Handwriting Indicates, pp. 90-91:

     Many illegible letters is the sign of disorder, and the illegibility of Greeley's cacography has furnished numberless anecdotes.

   • 2002, Mil Millington, The Guardian, 29 Jun 2002:

     Germans write a "1" so it's easy to confuse it with a "7": mathematics and cacography can leave Margret and I not speaking to each other for a week.

Antonyms

• (poor spelling system): orthography
• (poor handwriting): calligraphy

Derived terms

• cacographer
• cacographic
• cacographical

Translations

See also

• illegible
• indecipherable
• indistinct
• obscure
• scrawled
• unclear
• undecipherable
• unreadable