different between optimism vs rationalism

English

Etymology

From French optimisme

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /??pt?m?z?m/
• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /??pt?m?z?m/

Noun

optimism (usually uncountable, plural optimisms)

1. a tendency to expect the best, or at least, a favourable outcome

   I love her youth, her beauty and above all her optimism that everything will turn out fine.

2. the doctrine that this world is the best of all possible worlds
3. the belief that good will eventually triumph over evil

Antonyms

• pessimism

Derived terms

• optimist
• optimistic

Related terms

• optimal

Translations

Romanian

Etymology

From French optimisme

Noun

optimism n (uncountable)

1. optimism

Declension

English

Etymology

rational +? -ism

Pronunciation

Noun

rationalism (countable and uncountable, plural rationalisms)

1. (philosophy) The theory that the reason is a source of knowledge independent of and superior to sense perception.
2. (philosophy) The theory that knowledge may be derived by deductions from a priori concepts (such as axioms, postulates or earlier deductions).
3. A view that the fundamental method for problem solving is through reason and experience rather than faith, inspiration, revelation, intuition or authority.
   • 1902, William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience, Lecture 3:

     The opinion opposed to mysticism in philosophy is sometimes spoken of as rationalism. Rationalism insists that all our beliefs ought ultimately to find for themselves articulate grounds. Such grounds, for rationalism, must consist of four things: (1) definitely statable abstract principles; (2) definite facts of sensation; (3) definite hypotheses based on such facts; and (4) definite inferences logically drawn.

4. Elaboration of theories by use of reason alone without appeal to experience, such as in mathematical systems.

Synonyms

• apriorism
• intellectualism

Antonyms

• sensationalism
• irrationalism
• traditionalism
• mysticism

Derived terms

• critical rationalism

Related terms

• rationalist
• rationality

Translations

See also

• empiricism