different between obdurate vs rugged
obdurate
English
Etymology
Mid-15th century, from Latin obduratus (“hardened”), form of obd?r? (“harden”), from ob- (“against”) + d?r? (“harden, render hard”), from durus (“hard”). Compare durable, endure.
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /??bd????t/, /??bdj???t/, /??bd????t/, /-?t/
- (General American) IPA(key): /??bd(j)???t/, /??bd(j)???t/, /-?t/
- Sometimes accented on the second syllable, especially by the older poets.
Adjective
obdurate (comparative more obdurate, superlative most obdurate)
- Stubbornly persistent, generally in wrongdoing; refusing to reform or repent.
- 1593, Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I:
- ... sometimes the very custom of evil making the heart obdurate against whatsoever instructions to the contrary ...
- 1591, William Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 3, Act I, sc. 4:
- Art thou obdurate, flinty, hard as steel,
- Nay, more than flint, for stone at rain relenteth?
- 1674, John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book I, lines 56–8
- ... round he throws his baleful eyes
- That witness'd huge affliction and dismay
- Mixt with obdurate pride and stedfast hate:
- 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley,"The Revolt of Islam", canto 4, stanza 9, lines 1486-7:
- But custom maketh blind and obdurate
- The loftiest hearts.
- 1593, Richard Hooker, Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I:
- (obsolete) Physically hardened, toughened.
- Hardened against feeling; hard-hearted.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 13:
- I fear the gentleman to whom Miss Amelia's letters were addressed was rather an obdurate critic.
- 1848, William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair, Chapter 13:
Synonyms
- (stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing): hardened, hard-hearted, impertinent, intractable, unrepentant, unyielding, recalcitrant
Derived terms
- obduracy
Related terms
- durable, duration
- endure, endurance, enduring
Translations
Verb
obdurate (third-person singular simple present obdurates, present participle obdurating, simple past and past participle obdurated)
- (transitive, obsolete) To harden; to obdure.
References
Anagrams
- taboured
Latin
Verb
obd?r?te
- second-person plural present active imperative of obd?r?
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rugged
English
Etymology 1
From Middle English rugged, roggyd, ruggyd, derived from Old Norse r?gg (“tuft, shagginess”), equivalent to rug (“rough, woollen material”) +? -ed. Compare Old Swedish ruggoter (“wrinkled”), Swedish rugga (“to roughen”), Swedish ruggig (“shaggy”), Icelandic rögg (“shagginess”), Old Norse raggaðr (“tufted”), dialectal Danish raggad (“shaggy”).
Pronunciation
- r?-g?d, IPA(key): /?????d/
Adjective
rugged (comparative ruggeder, superlative ruggedest)
- Broken into sharp or irregular points; uneven; not smooth; rough.
- 1870, Mark Twain, Roughing It, Chapter LXV
- By and by, after a rugged climb, we halted on the summit of a hill which commanded a far-reaching view.
- 1870, Mark Twain, Roughing It, Chapter LXV
- Not neat or regular; irregular, uneven.
- 2011, Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics: Sewing Contemporary Fashion with Ethic Flair
- Commercially produced yarn, such as rayon, produces a cloth with a smoother, shinier look than hand-spun cotton, but the uneven, rugged look of hand-spun cotton can be quite appealing.
- 2011, Ronke Luke-Boone, African Fabrics: Sewing Contemporary Fashion with Ethic Flair
- Rough with bristles or hair; shaggy.
- (of a person) Strong, sturdy, well-built.
- 2010, Arthur Queen Jr., Young Man: Ageless Fatherly Wisdom to Hold
- Many women and men delude themselves into thinking that only the hardest and most rugged man is attractive and to many it may be the case.
- 2010, Arthur Queen Jr., Young Man: Ageless Fatherly Wisdom to Hold
- (of land) Rocky and bare of plantlife.
- 2013, Vicky Baker in The Guardian, Riding with the cowboys on a Mexico ranch
- Hidden within 30,000 acres of rugged private land, the ranch is cocooned by peaks and canyons in all directions.
- 2013, Vicky Baker in The Guardian, Riding with the cowboys on a Mexico ranch
- (of temper, character, or people) Harsh; austere; hard; crabbed
- Stormy; turbulent; tempestuous; rude.
- (of sound, style etc.) Harsh; grating; rough to the ear
- (of looks, appearance etc.) Sour; surly; frowning; wrinkled
- (of behaviour) Violent; rude; boisterous
- (of health, physique etc.) Vigorous; robust; hardy
- 1909, Jack London, Martin Eden
- "Her gaze rested for a moment on the muscular neck, heavy corded, almost bull-like, bronzed by the sun, spilling over with rugged health and strength..."
- 1909, Jack London, Martin Eden
- (computing, of a computer) Designed to reliably operate in harsh usage environments and conditions.
- 2011, Nick Fletcher, Psion drops 2% after supply chain issues push it into loss
- Psion, which supplies a range of rugged hand held computers, has lost nearly 2% after announcing a plunge into the red.
- 2011, Nick Fletcher, Psion drops 2% after supply chain issues push it into loss
Derived terms
Translations
Further reading
- rugged in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
- rugged at OneLook Dictionary Search
Etymology 2
rug +? -ed
Pronunciation
- r?gd, IPA(key): /???d/
Adjective
rugged (not comparable)
- Having a rug or rugs.
- Covered with a rug.
Verb
rugged
- simple past tense and past participle of rug
Anagrams
- Dugger, Gudger, grudge, gurged
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